anatomy of the back

Question 1

What are the primary kyphoses and secondary lordoses of the back

Answer 1

thoracic and sacral kyphoses, cervical and lumbar lordoses.

Question 2

What is the role of ligaments

Answer 2

Reinforces and stabilizes joints, it also limits the range of movement.

Question 3

What are the 3 categories of muscles in the back

Answer 3

extrinsic muscles (move upper limbs/ ribs), superficial and intermediate.

intrinsic muscles (postural/ move vertebral column), deeper muscles separated by thoracolumbar fascia.

superficial muscles, attach upper limbs to trunk.

Question 4

Where does trapezius originate and insert into

what is the action

Answer 4

originates: cervical and thoracic spinous processes
inserts: the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion and spine of the scapula
action: rotates the scapula

Question 5

What are the superfical muscles, behind the trapezius and what are their actions

Answer 5

levator scapulae (elevates scapula)
Rhomboids (minor and major) retracts the scapula.

Question 6

What are the deeper muscles

Answer 6

Splenius, most superficial (in the neck)
erector spinae (main group)
multifidus- very deep

Question 7

What are the muscles of the erector spinae group and where do they insert and originate from.

Answer 7

spinales- to spinous processes
longissimum- to transverse processes
iliocostalis- to ribs
origin: erector spinae aponeurosis

Question 8

What is the action of multifidus

Answer 8

extends/ rotates/ stabilizes vertebral column.