Anatomy Of Somatic NS

Question 1

What are the anatomical divisions of the CNS

Answer 1

Brain
Spinal chord
Optic nerve in eye

Question 2

What are the anatomical divisions of the PNS

Answer 2

Everything else but the CNS.

Question 3

Function of the PNS

Answer 3

Connects CNS to target organs
Connects sensory to CNS

Question 4

Function of the CNS

Answer 4

to PROCESS information received through sensory systems and other parts of the body and to activate appropriate actions to the external/internal stimuli.

Question 5

Two functional parts of the NS

Answer 5

Somatic (voluntary)
Autonomic (involuntary)

Question 6

3 divisions of the autonomic NS

Answer 6

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
Enteric (gut)

Question 7

What does the PNS include

Answer 7

31 spinal nerve pairs
12 cranial nerve pairs
Ganglia (autonomic/ sensory)
nerve plexuses
Enteric NS (gastrointestinal tract)

Question 8

What is ganglia

Answer 8

Cluster of neuronal cell bodies

Question 9

What are two components of NS

Answer 9

Neurones
Glial cells (90%)

Question 10

Function of neurone

Answer 10

Responsible for conducting impulses

Question 11

Microanatomy of neurone

Answer 11

Cell body
Dendrites
Axon
Synapses

Question 12

Main types of neurones

Answer 12

Multipolar- motor neurones
Bipolar- relay and special sense (retina/ olfactory)
Pseudo/unipolar- sensory (cell body branches off)

Question 13

4 types of glial cells

Answer 13

Astrocytes
Oligodendrocytes
Microglia
Ependymal

Question 14

About Astrocytes

Answer 14

Star shaped
Provide metabolic and structural support
Most abundant type
Contribute to the blood brain barrier

Question 15

Cancer due to Astrocytes

Answer 15

Gliomas
Astrocytes have the ability to regenerate

Question 16

About microglia

Answer 16

Immune function- phagocytosis
Maintain brain homeostasis

Question 17

Disease due to dysregulation of microglia

Answer 17

Neurological disease
Autoimmune disease- Alzheimer’s

Question 18

About Ependymal cells

Answer 18

Simple ciliated epithelial cells lining the ventricles
Regulate the movement of cerebrospinal fluid synthesis

Question 19

CFS?

Answer 19

Cerebrospinal fluid synthesis
Provides nutrients
Protection- buoyancy fluid layer

Question 20

Oligodendrocytes?

Answer 20

Create myelin sheaths around neurones in CNS
Provide metabolic support and electrical insulation
Maintain axon integrity

Question 21

Schwann cells?

Answer 21

Create myelin sheaths around neurones in PNS
Metabolic support and electrical insulation.

Question 22

Difference between Oligodendrocytes and Schwann cells?

Answer 22

Oligo can myleinate multiple axons (one cell body but multiple glial units)
Oligo in CNS but Schwann in PNS

Question 23

Unmyelinated neurones?

Answer 23

Axons still surrounded my Schwann cell but not totally encapsulated

Question 24

Afferent division?

Answer 24

Sensory info
Ascending tract
Dorsal horn (top)
Sensory neuron cell bodies in dorsal root ganglion

Question 25

Efferent division?

Answer 25

Motor info Descending tract Ventral horn (bottom) Motor neuron cell bodies in Cranial nerve nuclei in brain stem

Question 26

What do intercostal nerves innervated:

Answer 26

Segmentally supply motor innervation to intercostal muscles Sensory innervation to underlying parietal pleura and overlying skin (anterolateral T1-T12 dermatomes)

Question 27

Where intercostal nerves arise from

Answer 27

Ventral ramus as travels between internal and innermost intercostal muscles From thoracic spinal nerves from T1 to T11 Situated between adjacent ribs

Question 28

What is a dermatome

Answer 28

Area of skin innervated by a single spinal cord level Segmental organisation Overlap between some dermatomes

Question 29

How to test dermatomes

Answer 29

Certain points on dermatomes with no overlap Test sensory innervation by palpating