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oral anatomy > Anatomy of Primary Dentition > Flashcards

Anatomy of Primary Dentition Flashcards

1
Q

What is one essential function of primary teeth related to food intake?

A

They are needed for mastication (chewing)

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2
Q

How do primary teeth support facial appearance?

A

They support the cheeks and lips, contributing to a normal facial appearance.

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3
Q

Why are primary teeth important for speech development?

A

They help in forming sounds and are necessary for speech development.

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4
Q

What role do primary teeth play for permanent teeth?

A

They act as space maintainers for permanent teeth, guiding their eruption.

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5
Q

Exfoliation

A

the process by which primary (deciduous) teeth fall out and are replaced by permanent teeth

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6
Q

What is the consequence of early exfoliation or extraction of primary teeth?

A

It can lead to orthodontic problems due to loss of space for permanent teeth.

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7
Q

What dental device may be used if primary teeth are lost prematurely?

A

Space maintainers may be used to prevent loss of space.

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8
Q

How does caries progression in primary teeth compare to that in permanent teeth?

A

Caries progresses faster in primary teeth (Vanderas, 2004).

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9
Q

What is the primary dentition period?

A

The period from approximately 6 months until about 6 years old.

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10
Q

What is mixed dentition?

A

The period between 6 to 12 years old when both primary and permanent teeth are present.

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11
Q

What is exfoliation in dental terms?

A

The process of primary teeth being lost or shed.

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12
Q

What are succedaneous teeth?

A

Teeth that replace primary teeth.

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13
Q

What are nonsuccedaneous teeth?

A

Permanent maxillary and mandibular first, second, and third molars, which do not replace primary teeth.

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14
Q

When does the adult dentition period typically begin?

A

Around age 12, when all primary teeth have usually been replaced by permanent teeth.

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15
Q

How many teeth are in the primary dentition?

A

20 teeth

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16
Q

How many incisors are in the primary dentition?

A

8 incisors

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17
Q

How many canines are in the primary dentition?

A

4 canines

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18
Q

How many molars are in the primary dentition?

A

8 molars

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19
Q

Are there premolars in the primary dentition?

A

no premolars in primary dentition

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20
Q

How does the variability of primary dentition compare to permanent dentition?

A

primary dentition shows less variability than the permanent dentition

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21
Q

What numbering system is commonly used for primary dentition in the United States and most commonly used by insurance companies?

A

The Universal Numbering System.

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22
Q

What other numbering system can be used for the primary dentition?

A

Palmer Numbering System

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23
Q

How are primary teeth labeled in the Universal Numbering System?

A

By letters A to T.

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24
Q

In the Universal Numbering System, what letters represent the maxillary (upper) primary teeth?

A

A to J

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25
Q

In the Universal Numbering System, what letters represent the mandibular (lower) primary teeth?

A

K to T

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26
Q

How are supernumerary primary teeth designated?

A

By adding an “S” to the end of the letter of the most adjacent tooth. (Example: DS)

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27
Q

How are supernumerary permanent teeth designated?

A

By adding 50 to the number of the most adjacent tooth. (Example: 59)

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28
Q

How does the volume and exposed enamel area of primary teeth compare to that of permanent teeth?

A

Primary teeth have about half the volume and exposed enamel area of their permanent successors.

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29
Q

How do the primary incisors and canines compare mesiodistally to their permanent successors?

A

They are narrower mesio-distally than the permanent incisors and canines.

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30
Q

How do the primary molars compare mesiodistally to the permanent premolars?

A

Primary molars are wider mesiodistally than their permanent successors, the premolars.

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31
Q

What is “Primate Space” in primary dentition?

A

Natural spacing found mesial to the maxillary canines and distal to the mandibular canines.

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32
Q

What is “Leeway Space”?

A

The mesio-distal width difference between primary molars and their permanent replacements (premolars).

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33
Q

How much leeway space is typically found in the upper arch per quadrant?

A

Between 0.9 to 1.1 mm per quadrant.

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34
Q

How much leeway space is typically found in the lower arch per quadrant?

A

Between 1.7 to 2.4 mm per quadrant.

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35
Q

Why is leeway space important in orthodontics?

A

If there is about 4 mm of crowding per arch (or 2 mm per quadrant), comprehensive orthodontic treatment is often recommended.

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36
Q

Why are primary teeth smaller than permanent teeth?

A

To compensate for the smaller jaw in which they must erupt and function.

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37
Q

Baume Type 1 spacing

A

ideal spacing between primary teeth

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38
Q

Baume Type 2 spacing

A

limited/no spacing between primary teeth

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39
Q

In general, who experiences primary tooth eruption earlier, girls or boys?

A

Girls tend to experience primary tooth eruption earlier than boys.

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40
Q

How do primary teeth tend to erupt?

A

Primary teeth tend to erupt in pairs.

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41
Q

Which teeth typically erupt first, mandibular or maxillary teeth?

A

Mandibular teeth tend to erupt before maxillary teeth.

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42
Q

When does the first primary tooth typically erupt?

A

around the 6th to 7th month with the mandibular incisors

43
Q

What tint do primary teeth generally have?

A

Primary teeth tend to have a bluish-white tint.

44
Q

How does the color of primary teeth compare to that of permanent teeth?

A

Primary teeth are noticeably whiter, while permanent teeth are more gray or yellow in color.

45
Q

How does the thickness of dentin and enamel in primary teeth compare to permanent teeth?

A

about half as thick in primary teeth

46
Q

What is the general shape of primary tooth crowns?

A

Small, bulbous crowns with sharp constriction at the CEJ, known as “rubber band” constriction.

47
Q

What feature is present on the labial or buccal surfaces of primary teeth?

A

A sharp lingual inclination occlusally, forming a distinct labiogingival or buccogingival ridge that ends at the CEJ.

48
Q

Why are primary teeth described as having “bell-shaped” crowns?

A

Due to their gingival bulge, which influences preparation for restorations.

49
Q

What clinical challenge is posed by the crown morphology of primary teeth?

A

Matrix band adaptation is difficult because of the constriction at the CEJ.

50
Q

How do the roots of primary teeth compare to those of permanent teeth?

A

more slender, tapering, and longer in proportion to the crown

51
Q

What is a distinguishing feature of the root structure in primary molars?

A

lack an identifiable root trunk, and their roots diverge more

52
Q

Why must care be taken when extracting primary molars with unresorbed or partially resorbed roots?

A

to prevent damage to the underlying permanent tooth.

53
Q

How does the pulpal outline of primary teeth compare to that of permanent teeth?

A

it follows the DEJ (dentino-enamel junction) more closely

54
Q

How does the pulp in primary teeth compare proportionally to permanent teeth?

A

larger and closer to the enamel surface in primary teeth.

54
Q

How do the pulpal horns in primary teeth compare to the cusps?

A

longer and more pointed than the cusps suggest.

55
Q

Why is the pulp larger in primary teeth than in permanent teeth?

A

The dentin is thinner, making the pulp proportionately larger in primary teeth.

55
Q

How are the pulp canals of primary molars described?

A

slender, tapering, and have fans of tissue between the roots.

56
Q

What challenge is associated with performing root canal therapy on primary teeth?

A

The canal space is not readily filled when root canal therapy is indicated due to the narrow, tapered pulp canals.

57
Q

What is the composition of enamel

A

long, thin rods of hydroxyapatite crystalline structure and type 1 collagen.

58
Q

How thick is the enamel in primary teeth compared to permanent teeth?

A

half the thickness (and volume) of the enamel in permanent teeth.

59
Q

How is the thickness of primary enamel described?

A

generally uniform, with the surface parallel to the DEJ (dentino-enamel junction).

60
Q

What makes prenatal enamel in primary teeth unique?

A

more homogeneous and may contribute to the bluish-white color of primary enamel.

61
Q

How does the dentin in primary teeth compare to permanent teeth in terms of ease of cutting?

A

Dentin in primary teeth is easier to cut

62
Q

How does dentin in primary teeth differ in terms of abrasion?

A

Dentin in primary teeth abrades more quickly

63
Q

What is the color of dentin in primary teeth?

A

light yellow.

64
Q

How does decay progress in primary teeth compared to permanent teeth?

A

Decay progresses faster in primary teeth due to thinner dentin.

65
Q

Why do primary teeth experience more attrition?

A

They are less mineralized.

66
Q

How do primary teeth experience more attrition?

A

wear from tooth-to-tooth contact

67
Q

What appearance can primary anterior teeth have due to attrition?

A

anterior teeth may have a short, stubby appearance due to attrition.

68
Q

How does the occlusal surface of primary molars compare to permanent molars?

A

flat occlusal table, lacking the characteristic inclined plane seen in permanent molars.

68
Q

How do the crowns of primary anterior teeth compare in size?

A

broader and shorter

69
Q

What is a distinctive feature of the facial surfaces of primary anterior teeth?

A

smooth facial surfaces with no mamelons.

70
Q

How do the roots of primary anterior teeth appear from the proximal view?

A

long and narrow.

71
Q

What is a characteristic of the roots of primary anterior teeth?

A

roots bend 10° labially.

72
Q

Do primary anterior teeth have grooves and depressions?

A

A few.

73
Q

How are the incisal edges of primary incisors shaped?

A

flat mesially and convex distally.

74
Q

How do primary central incisors compare in width and length?

A

wider mesiodistally than longer incisocervically.

75
Q

How do primary lateral incisors compare in length?

A

longer incisocervically (I-C) than primary central incisors.

76
Q

How do primary incisors appear in older children?

A

stubby due to relatively rapid wear through attrition.

77
Q

What shape is the crown of a primary canine?

A

pentagon-shaped.

78
Q

How do primary canines compare to permanent canines in shape?

A

more slender and conical

79
Q

How do the dimensions of primary canines compare?

A

are as wide as they are long.

80
Q

What is the relationship between the cusp ridges on primary canines?

A

mesial cusp ridge is LONGER than the distal cusp ridge.

81
Q

How do mandibular primary canines compare in size?

A

Mandibular primary canines are LONGER incisocervically and NARROWER mesiodistally than maxillary canines.

82
Q

How do the pulps of primary molars compare to permanent molars?

A

long mesial pulpal horns, closer to the mesial surface.

83
Q

How do the contact areas of primary molars differ from permanent molars?

A

broad and flat contact areas.

84
Q

How do maxillary and mandibular primary molars differ?

A

MAX molars are wider bucco-lingually; MAND molars are wider mesiodistally.

84
Q

How do primary second molars compare to permanent first molars?

A

resemble permanent first molars but are smaller with more gingival constriction and a bulge in the gingival third.

85
Q

How do primary second molars compare in size to second premolars?

A

larger than their permanent successors, the second premolars.

86
Q

How many cusps does the mandibular first primary molar have?

A

4 cusps

87
Q

What is the result of the lingual inclination of the buccal cusps on the mandibular first primary molar?

A

creates a prominent cervical bulge.

88
Q

How does the bucco-lingual width of the occlusal table of the mandibular first primary molar compare?

A

The bucco-lingual width of the occlusal table is narrow

89
Q

What ridge is found on the mandibular first primary molar?

A

A transverse ridge runs from the mesiolingual (ML) to the mesiobuccal (MB) cusp.

90
Q

What is missing on the occlusal surface of the mandibular first primary molar?

A

It does not have a central fossa.

91
Q

What feature is prominent on the mesial side of the mandibular first primary molar?

A

The large mesial marginal ridge.

92
Q

What is the failure rate for class II restorations on mandibular first primary molars?

A

highest failure rate for class II restorations.

93
Q

How many cusps does the maxillary first primary molar have?

A

3 cusps

94
Q

What is the shape of the crown of the maxillary first primary molar?

A

resembles the form of a premolar.

95
Q

How does the buccal width of the maxillary first primary molar compare to the lingual width?

A

buccal width is GREATER than the lingual width, giving the occlusal surface a triangular outline.

96
Q

How many roots does the maxillary first primary molar have?

A

3 roots

97
Q

How does the size of the maxillary first primary molar compare to its permanent successor?

A

larger than its permanent successor.

97
Q

What connects the distobuccal and mesiolingual cusps on the maxillary first primary molar?

A

oblique ridge.

98
Q

What are the last primary tooth to erupt

A

A and #J

oral anatomy (9 decks)

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