Anatomy of Phonation- section 2 Intrinsic Muscles Lecture 10/19/12

Question 1

Which muscles make fine adjustments?

Answer 1

Intrinsic

Question 2

What are characteristics of intrinsic muscles?

Answer 2

• they make fine adjustments
• they open, close, tense, and relax vocal folds
• categorized by their effects on shape of glottis and on vibratory behavior of vocal folds
• they always act in pairs

Question 3

Where is the insertion and origin of the intrinsic muscles?

Answer 3

Laryngeal cartilages

Question 4

What are intrinsic muscles responsible for?

Answer 4

Control of sound production

Question 5

What two ways does the intrinsic muscles adjust the larynx?

Answer 5

• medial compression

- longitudinal tension

Question 6

What is medial compression?

Answer 6

Force with which vocal folds brought together

Question 7

What is longitudinal tension?

Answer 7

stretching force

Question 8

What muscles are INSIDE the larynx?

Answer 8

Intrinsic muscles

Question 9

What are the five major functions of the intrinsic muscles?

Answer 9

1. Adduct
2. Abduct
3. Tense
4. Relax
5. Auxiliary Musculature (misc)

Question 10

What are the characteristics of the extrinsic muscles?

Answer 10

• Laryngeal elevators and depressors
• make major adjustments
• elevate order and press the larynx
• one of its attachment is to structures outside the larynx
• responsible for support and fixation of larynx in neck

Question 11

What does abductor means?

Answer 11

To take away. To separate

Question 12

Adductors means?

Answer 12

To add. To bring together

Question 13

What are the adductor muscles?

Answer 13

• lateral crioarytenoid
• oblique arytenoid
• transverse arytenoid

Question 14

What is the lateral cricoarytenoid?

Answer 14

• helps bring the vocal folds together
• attached to the cricoid and the musculature process of the arytenoid
• causes muscular process to move forward and medially
• adducts vocal folds- rotates vocal process towards midline
• pg 190

Question 15

What is the transverse arytenoid?

Answer 15

• unpaired muscle spanning the posterior surface of both the arytenoid cartilages.
• runs from the lateral margin of the posterior surface of one arytenoid to the corresponding surface of the other arytenoid

Question 16

What is the function of the transverse arytenoid?

Answer 16

• to pull the two arytenoids closer.
• To approximate the vocal folds
• Provides support for closing of the vocal folds
• an important element of medial compression

Question 17

What is the oblique arytenoid muscle?

Answer 17

Paired muscle

• superficial to the transverse arytenoid muscle
• X shaped
• Promotes adduction, enforces medial compression, and rocks the arytenoids (vocal folds) down and in
• Aids in pulling the epiglottis to cover the larynx.

Question 18

do we use less muscles during abduction or adduction?

Answer 18

abduction because we use the vocal folds for phonation, the force of air forces the vocal folds apart and it doesn’t need any more help to pull them apart.

Question 19

What is the only abductor muscle?

Answer 19

posterior cricoarytenoid

Question 20

Where does the posterior cricoarytenoid originate?

Answer 20

Posterior cricoid lamina

Question 21

True or False:

Fibers project up and out to insert into the posterior aspect of the muscular process of the arytenoid cartilage during abduction

Answer 21

True

Question 22

Where is the posterior cricoarytenoid antagonistic (work together in opposite directions) to?

Answer 22

lateral cricoarytenoids

Question 23

What is pars oblique?

Answer 23

Slides thyroid cartilage forward

Question 23

What is pars recta?

Answer 23

• Reduces distance between cricoid arch and thyroid lamina- vocal folds lengthened and tensed
• contraction of the pars recta rocks the thyroid cartilage downward, which rotates upon the cricothyroid joint.
• rocking the thyroid cartilage forward stretches the vocal folds
• this action increases the distance between the posterior cricoid and thyroid cartilages

Question 24

What is primary tensor?

Answer 24

Rocks the thyroid cartilage forward relative to the cricoid cartilage

Question 25

what are the glottal tensors/ tensor muscles?

Answer 25

• Cricothyroid
  
  • Pars rectus (recta)
  • Pars oblique
• Thyrovocalis

Question 26

What is pars oblique?

Answer 26

• Helps slide the thyroid forward

Question 27

Which muscle is the mass of the vocal folds?

Answer 27

Thyrovocalis

Question 28

What is Thyrovocalis (vocals)?

Answer 28

• Makes up main mass of vibrating vocal folds

- principle function is regulator of longitudinal tension

Question 29

Characteristics of the Thyrovocalis?

Answer 29

• contraction draws the thyroid and cricoid cartilages father apart in front
• antagonistic to the cricothyroid muscle (which draws the thyroid and cricoid cartilages together)
• When not opposed by other muscles, relaxes vocal folds and may assist in closing glottis by drawing muscular process forward
• when opposed by other muscles, tense vocal folds

Question 30

What is the thyromuscularis?

Answer 30

A paired muscle that is a relaxer

Question 31

What are the auxiliary musculature?

Answer 31

• superior thyroarytenoid muscle
• thyroepiglottic
• aryepiglottic muscle

Question 32

What are the 3 adductor muscles?

Answer 32

• lateral crioarytenoid
• transverse arytenoid
• oblique arytenoid

Question 33

What are the intrinsic muscles?

Answer 33

• lateral cricoarytenoid
• transverse arytenoid
• oblique arytenoid
• posterior cricoarytenoid
• cricothyroid
• thyrovocalis
• thromuscularis
• superior thyroarytenoid muscle
• thyroepiglottis
• aryepiglottis

Question 33

What is the relaxer muscle?

Answer 33

thyromuscularis

Question 33

What are the auxiliary musculature?

Answer 33

• superior thyroarytenoid muscle
• thyroepiglottis
• aryepiglottis

Question 33

What muscle is associated with pitch control?

Answer 33

Cricothyroid (w/ two heads)

- pars rectus
- pars oblique

Question 34

What does the thyromuscularis do?

Answer 34

• It is a paired muscle.

- Lateral to each thyrovocalis and with the vocalis make up the thyroarytenoid muscle .

Question 35

What does the cricoarytenoid do?

Answer 35

adduct and lengthen the folds