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Fall '12- Anatomy Exam #3 > Anatomy of phonation- Phonation Physiology PPT lecture 10/26/12 > Flashcards

Anatomy of phonation- Phonation Physiology PPT lecture 10/26/12 Flashcards

1
Q

What is coughing?

A

deep inhalation through widely abducted folds, followed by tensing and tight adduction, and elevation of the larynx

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2
Q

What does significant sub-glottal pressure come from?

A

Tissue recoil and muscles of expiration

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3
Q

What blows the folds apart?

A

High pressure of forced expiration

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4
Q

What is throat cleaning?

A

Build pressure in sublottal region and clamp the folds shut to restrain pressure

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5
Q

Performing what action places great strain on delicate folds?

A

Throat clearing

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6
Q

What is abdominal fixation?

A

capturing air within the thorax to provide muscles with a structure on which to push or pull.

i.e. guys at the gym grunting

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7
Q

True or False:

Voice result s from vibration of the vocal folds?

A

True

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8
Q

Muscular forces simply “set” the folds in what position to move?

A

“to” and “fro” when aeromechanical forces are applied to them

  • they are also moving inferiorly and superiorly
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9
Q

Is vocal fold vibration passive or active?

A

Passive

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10
Q

True or false:

The folds must remain in the airway for vibration to occur?

A

True

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11
Q

What is a vocal attack?

A

Adduction of the vocal folds. Bringing folds together to begin phonation- muscular action

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12
Q

What do we do to our folds when we initiate phonation?

A

We bring folds close enough together that forces of turbulence causes vibration

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of attack?

A
  • Simultaneous
  • Breathy
  • Glottal
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14
Q

What is a simultaneous attack?

A

Coordinate adduction and onset of respiration occurs simultaneously

i.e., “zany” vs. “sany”

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15
Q

What is breathy attack?

A

starting airflow before adducting folds

  • occurs during running speech because we keep air flowing throughout the production
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16
Q

What is a glottal attach?

A
  • adduction occurs prior airflow like a cough
  • when beginning with a stressed vowel.
    i. e., “okay”
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17
Q

What is termination?

A
  • we pull the folds out of the airstream (adduct) far enough to reduce turbulence
  • when turbulence is reduced the folds stop vibrating
  • both adduction and abduction occur rapidly
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18
Q

What is sustained phonation?

A
  • requires maintenance of laryngeal posture through tonic contraction of musculature
  • vibration of the folds is achieved by placing and holding the folds in the airstream
  • vibration is not the production of repeated adduction and abduction but due to aerodynamic interaction with the elastic nature of the folds
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19
Q

what is modal register?

A

daily conversation

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20
Q

what is mode of vibration?

A
  • folds open from inferior to superior )bottom to top) and close from inferior to superior
  • undulating wave of tissue
  • vibrate in a periodic fashion
  • support continued oscillation of the folds (folds continue to vibrate after energy has been removed)
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21
Q

what is fundamental frequency?

A

one primary frequency of vibration

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22
Q

what is harmonics?

A

whole number multiples of the fo

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23
Q

True or false:

without harmonics all vowels would sound the same

A

True

24
Q

What is the mode of vibration?

A

anterior-posterior dimension whereas the folds open at the posterior end first, then medial edge, and close posteriorly.

  • the arytenoids do not move
25
Q

What is glottal fry?

A

low in pitch and sounds “rough”

26
Q

What is falsetto?

A
  • highest register
  • folds lengthen and become thin
  • folds briefly make contact
27
Q

Over compression can cause what?

A

Nodules

28
Q

What is a whistle?

A

turbulence on the edge of the folds- not vibration of folds! Not a phonatory mode

  • folds are partially adducted and tensed to develop turbulence in the airstream
  • noise used to make speech
  • is strenuous
29
Q

What does undercompression cause?

A

breathy

30
Q

What are the acoustic characteristics of the voice?

A
  • frequency
  • intensity
  • spectrum
31
Q

What are the perceptual characteristics of teh voice?

A
  • pitch
  • loudness
  • voice quality
32
Q

What is not a phonetary mode?

A

whisper

33
Q

Frequency will change with changes in what?

A

distribution of mass and elasticity

34
Q

Folds promote what?

A

oscillations (repeated vibrations) at a particular frequency

35
Q

What is pitch?

A

psychological correlate of frequency. As frequency increases, pitch increases

36
Q

What is an important element in speech perception and in changing “inflection”

A

pitch

37
Q

What is optimal pitch?

A

frequency of vocal fold vibration most “appropriate” for an individual

38
Q

optimal pitch varies as a function based on what?

A

age and gender

39
Q

what is habitual pitch?

A

frequency habitually used during speech

  • ideally would be the same as optimal pitch
40
Q

What is average fundamental frequency?

A

frequency of vibration of sustained phonation

41
Q

what is pitch range?

A

range of of for an individual and is calculated as the difference between highest and lowest frequencies

42
Q

what are changeable elements of the folds?

A

tension, length, and mass

43
Q

True or false:

we can change mass but we can change mass per unit length by spreading the muscle, mucosa, and ligament out over more distance

A

false. We can.

44
Q

how can we change tension?

A

stretching and relaxing.

  • by decreasing “mass” we also tense the folds thus increasing frequency
45
Q

Which muscle tilts the thyroid down

A

Cricothyroid

46
Q

which muscle tenses folds?

A

WAITING ON AMAL

  • cricothyroid- gross adjustment
  • thyrovocalis- fine movement of pitch
47
Q

increasing pitch requires increasing the tension of the system, thereby increasing what?

A

glottal resistance to airflow

48
Q

Increase in sub-glottal pressure itself DOES or DOES NOT effect frequency?

A

DOES NOT

49
Q

Loudness is the psychological correlate to what?

A

intensity

50
Q

Intensity (sound pressure level) is the physical measure what?

A

Power (or pressure) ratios

51
Q

To increase intensity of the folds we must increase what?

A

vigor with which the folds open and close

52
Q

What do we increase to increase intensity?

A

sub-glottal pressure

53
Q

Increaseing vocal intensity, the vocal folds are tightly compressed and it takes more or less force to blow them open?

A

More force

54
Q

Why do folds tend to stay closed?

A

Because they are tightly compressed

55
Q

What is the opening stage?

A

folds are opening up

56
Q

What is the closing stage?

A

folds return to point of approximation

57
Q

what is closed stage?

A

no air escaping

Fall '12- Anatomy Exam #3 (5 decks)

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