Anatomy of Hip

Question 1

Ligaments of the Hip Joint

Answer 1

• Iliofemoral Ligament
• Pubofemoral Ligament
• Ishiofemoral Ligament

Question 2

Iliofemoral Ligament

Answer 2

very strong band that covers the anterior aspect of the hip joint

• also called the “Y-ligament”
• attached proximally to the anterior inferior iliac spine and the acetabular rim

Question 3

Pubofemoral Ligament

Answer 3

arises from the pubic part of the acetabular rim and the iliopubic eminence and blends with the medial part of the iliofemoral ligament

Question 4

Ishiofemoral Ligament

Answer 4

reinforces the fibrous capsule to the hip joint posteriorly
- arises from the ischial portion of the acetabular rim and spiral superolaterally to the neck of the femur, medial to the base of the greater trochanter

Question 5

Angle of the Femoral Head and neck

Answer 5

in the transverse plane between the femoral head and shaft is an angle of 12-15 degrees

Question 6

Retroversion

Answer 6

< 12 degrees

“toed-out gait”

Question 7

Anteversion

Answer 7

> 15 degrees

“toed-in gait”

Question 8

Hip Flexor Muscles

Answer 8

• Iliopsoas
• Quadreceps Femoris (especially the rectus femoris)
• Sartorius
• Pectineus
• Gluteus Medius
• Gluteus Minimus

Question 9

Hip Extensor Muscles

Answer 9

• Hamstrings
• Gluteal Maximus
• Posterior fibers of adductor magnus
• Posterior fibers of gluteus medius

Question 10

Abductor Muscles of the Hip

Answer 10

• Gluteus Maximus
• Gluteus Medius
• Gluteus Minimus
• Tensor Fascia Latae (and IT band)
• Sartorius

Question 11

Adductor Muscles of the Hip

Answer 11

• Adductor Magnus
• Adductor Longus
• Adductor Brevis
• Pectineus
• Lower fibers of the Gluteus maximus

Question 12

Internal Rotators of the Hip

Answer 12

• anterior fibers of Gluteus Medius
• gluteus minimus
• Tensor Fascia Latae
• Adductor Magnus
• Pectineus
• Gracilis
• Assistance from semiten/semimembranosus

Question 13

External Rotators of the Hip

Answer 13

• Gluteus Maximus
• Piriformis
• Quadratus Femoris
• Obturator Internus / Externus
• Superior and Inferior Gemelli
• Posterior fibers of Gluteus Medius
• Psoas Major
• Iliacus
• Sartorius
• Long head of Biceps Femoris

Question 14

Bursae of the Hip

Answer 14

• trochanteric bursa
• iliopsoas bursa
• ischial bursa

Question 15

Femoral Triangle

Answer 15

• Inguinal ligament
• Sartorius (laterally)
• Adductor Magnus (medially)

Question 16

Contents of the Femoral Triangle

Answer 16

• iliopsoas muscle
• femoral nerve
• femoral artery and vein
• lymph nodes

Question 17

Pelvis (Parts)

Answer 17

Innominate (3 fused bones)

   - Ilium
   - Ischium
   - Pubis

Sacrum
Coccyx

Question 18

where do the 3 innominate bones fuse?

Answer 18

Acetabulum

Question 19

Sacrum

Answer 19

• triangle shaped
• composed of 5 fused vertebrae
• provides strength and stability to pelvis
• transmits the weight of the body to the pelvic girdle through sacroiliac joints
• coccyx fused to the inferior pole of sacrum

Question 20

Lumbarization

Answer 20

when the 5th lumbar doesn’t fuse

Question 21

Bony Landmarks of Pelvic Girdle

Answer 21

• iliac crests
• ASIS
• PSIS
• Ischial tuberosity

Question 22

Pubic Symphysis

Answer 22

cartilaginous joint between the bodies of the two pubic bones

Question 23

Sacroiliac Joint

Answer 23

• synovial/syndesmotic joint

Question 24

Ligamentous Support for the Pelvis

Answer 24

• interosseus sacroiliac ligament
• iliolumbar ligament
• dorsal/ventral ligaments
• sacrotuberous ligament
• sacrospinous ligament

Question 25

Femur landmarks

Answer 25

• femoral head
• femoral neck
• greater trochanter
• lesser trochanter
• medial/lateral condyles
• medial/lateral epicondyles
• intercondylar notch
• patellar surface

Question 26

Acetabular Labrum

Answer 26

• depth of the acetabulum is increased by labrum
• labrum deepens the socket for the femoral head and its free thin edge clasps the head beyond the widest diameter
• helps to hold femoral head firmly in acetabulum