Anatomy of Hip Flashcards
Ligaments of the Hip Joint
- Iliofemoral Ligament
- Pubofemoral Ligament
- Ishiofemoral Ligament
Iliofemoral Ligament
very strong band that covers the anterior aspect of the hip joint
- also called the “Y-ligament”
- attached proximally to the anterior inferior iliac spine and the acetabular rim
Pubofemoral Ligament
arises from the pubic part of the acetabular rim and the iliopubic eminence and blends with the medial part of the iliofemoral ligament
Ishiofemoral Ligament
reinforces the fibrous capsule to the hip joint posteriorly
- arises from the ischial portion of the acetabular rim and spiral superolaterally to the neck of the femur, medial to the base of the greater trochanter
Angle of the Femoral Head and neck
in the transverse plane between the femoral head and shaft is an angle of 12-15 degrees
Retroversion
< 12 degrees
“toed-out gait”
Anteversion
> 15 degrees
“toed-in gait”
Hip Flexor Muscles
- Iliopsoas
- Quadreceps Femoris (especially the rectus femoris)
- Sartorius
- Pectineus
- Gluteus Medius
- Gluteus Minimus
Hip Extensor Muscles
- Hamstrings
- Gluteal Maximus
- Posterior fibers of adductor magnus
- Posterior fibers of gluteus medius
Abductor Muscles of the Hip
- Gluteus Maximus
- Gluteus Medius
- Gluteus Minimus
- Tensor Fascia Latae (and IT band)
- Sartorius
Adductor Muscles of the Hip
- Adductor Magnus
- Adductor Longus
- Adductor Brevis
- Pectineus
- Lower fibers of the Gluteus maximus
Internal Rotators of the Hip
- anterior fibers of Gluteus Medius
- gluteus minimus
- Tensor Fascia Latae
- Adductor Magnus
- Pectineus
- Gracilis
- Assistance from semiten/semimembranosus
External Rotators of the Hip
- Gluteus Maximus
- Piriformis
- Quadratus Femoris
- Obturator Internus / Externus
- Superior and Inferior Gemelli
- Posterior fibers of Gluteus Medius
- Psoas Major
- Iliacus
- Sartorius
- Long head of Biceps Femoris
Bursae of the Hip
- trochanteric bursa
- iliopsoas bursa
- ischial bursa
Femoral Triangle
- Inguinal ligament
- Sartorius (laterally)
- Adductor Magnus (medially)
Contents of the Femoral Triangle
- iliopsoas muscle
- femoral nerve
- femoral artery and vein
- lymph nodes
Pelvis (Parts)
Innominate (3 fused bones)
- Ilium - Ischium - Pubis
Sacrum
Coccyx
where do the 3 innominate bones fuse?
Acetabulum
Sacrum
- triangle shaped
- composed of 5 fused vertebrae
- provides strength and stability to pelvis
- transmits the weight of the body to the pelvic girdle through sacroiliac joints
- coccyx fused to the inferior pole of sacrum
Lumbarization
when the 5th lumbar doesn’t fuse
Bony Landmarks of Pelvic Girdle
- iliac crests
- ASIS
- PSIS
- Ischial tuberosity
Pubic Symphysis
cartilaginous joint between the bodies of the two pubic bones
Sacroiliac Joint
- synovial/syndesmotic joint
Ligamentous Support for the Pelvis
- interosseus sacroiliac ligament
- iliolumbar ligament
- dorsal/ventral ligaments
- sacrotuberous ligament
- sacrospinous ligament
Femur landmarks
- femoral head
- femoral neck
- greater trochanter
- lesser trochanter
- medial/lateral condyles
- medial/lateral epicondyles
- intercondylar notch
- patellar surface
Acetabular Labrum
- depth of the acetabulum is increased by labrum
- labrum deepens the socket for the femoral head and its free thin edge clasps the head beyond the widest diameter
- helps to hold femoral head firmly in acetabulum
