Anatomy of face, neck and orbit Flashcards
what are the three main functions of the neck?
structural - supports and moves the head
visceral - contains the airway and oesophagus
conduit for blood vessels and nerves
what is fascia?
connective tissue mainly made of collagen fibres and organises body into different compartments… prevents spread of infection within compartments
which is the most external fascia layer of the neck? Which muscle does it contain?
superficial fascia, containing platisma at the front of the neck
which is the second layer of fascia of the neck and which layers is it divided into?
deep fascia, divided into pretracheal, carotid sheath, investing, prevertebral associated with different compartments that surround different structures
what does pretracheal fascia surround?
visceral components of the neck ie. trachea, oesophagus, thyroid gland (lateral to trachea),
which fascia surrrounds the blood vessels of the neck?
carotid sheath pair, containing internal jugular vein, common carotid artery, vagus nerve
which fascia surrounds the muscles at the back of the neck, the spinal cord and its associated vertebrae?
prevertebral fascia
which muscle is surrounded by the investing layer of fascia?
sternoclydomastoid muscle
which muscle divides the anterior and posterior triangle of the neck?
sternoclydomastoid muscle
where does the sternoclydomastoid muscle terminate?
the clavicle
what are the names of the borders of the anterior triangle?
anterior border, midline of the neck, and the inferior border of the mandible
what are the borders of the posterior triangle?
posterior aspect of sternoclydomastoid muscle, anterior border of trapezius and the clavicle
blood vessels and nerves in the posterior triangle
external jugular vein, subclavian artery, subclavian vein, trunks of the brachial plexus, phrenic nerve - supplies diaphragm, vagus nerve which has functions in both respiratory, cardiovascular and GI tract, spinal accessory nerve
posterior triangle contains…
external jugular vein, deeper structures eg. common carotid artery - divided into internal or external, trunks of brachial plexus, phrenic nerve going down to diaphragm, vagus nerve, accessory nerve, sensory nerves, sternoclydomastoid muscle
principle supply of blood to head and neck
derived from pairs of common carotid arteries, which are derived from the aorta: divided into internal (supplies brain) and external (face) carotid arteries, superior thyroid artery, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular (skin on back of ear), superficial temporal, maxillary artery –> cranial cavity to supply meninges
name orbital group of muscles (principally act on eyelids)
corrugator supercili, orbicularis oculi: orbital, palpebral.
name nasal group of muscles
procerus, nasalis: transverse part and alar part, depressor septi nasi
name auricular muscles
superior auricular, anterior auricular, posterior auricular
branches of facial nerve
divides within parotid gland but does not innervate it, temporal, zygomatic, buccle, mandibular and cervical
which does the anterior triangle of the neck mainly contain?
platysma muscle (large sheet at the front), and deeper muscles: mylohoid, digastric and infrahyoid (strap) muscles. Blood vessels such as the carotid artery.
What does the mental capacity act say?
assume a person has the capacity to make a decision themselves, unless it’s proved otherwise
wherever possible, help people to make their own decisions
don’t treat a person as lacking the capacity to make a decision just because they make an unwise decision
if you make a decision for someone who doesn’t have capacity, it must be in their best interests
treatment and care provided to someone who lacks capacity should be the least restrictive of their basic rights and freedoms
Who should you consult with if a patient does not have capacity?
In particular, try to consult:
anyone previously named by the individual
anyone engaged in caring for them
close relatives and friends
any attorney appointed under a Lasting Power of Attorney or Enduring Power of Attorney
any deputy appointed by the Court of Protection to make decisions for the person
