Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Anatomy of Cranium, Meninges and Brain > Flashcards

Anatomy of Cranium, Meninges and Brain Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cranial fossa?

A

any of the three large depressions in the posterior, middle, and anterior aspects of the floor of the cranial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main foramina?

A

A foramen (plural: foramina ) is an opening inside the body that allows key structures to connect one part of the body to another. The skull bones that contain foramina include the frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, maxilla, palatine, temporal, and occipital. There are 21 foramina in the human skull.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What sits in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

frontal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what sits in the middle cranial fossa?

A

temporal lobe

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what sits in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

cerebellum and brain stem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the cribriform plate do, which bone is it part of, and where does it lie?

A

Where the olfactory neurons run from the top of the nose to snyapse in the olfactory bulb of the brain. It is part of the ethmoid bone, lies centrally in the anterior cranial fossa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the optic canal?

A

One on either side on the border between the anterior and middle cranial fossae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What runs through the optic canal?

A

Optic nerves pass into the back of the orbit to supply the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the superior orbital fissure lie?

A

towards the back of the optic canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

the nerves involved in extrinsic muscle contraction of the eye pass through into the orbit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the orbit?

A

In anatomy, the orbit is the cavity or socket of the skull in which the eye and its appendages are situated.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which small aperture lies directly behind the superior orbital fissure, and what passes through here?

A

Foramen rotundum, maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve passes out of the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where does the foramen ovale lie, what passes through it and

A

posterior part of sphenoid bone, where the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve passes through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Which small aperture lies lateral to the foramen ovale and what passes through it?

A

foramen spinosum, middle meningeal artery passes through to supply the dura around the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which foramen lies near the border of the middle and posterior cranial fossa on the temporal bone? What passes through?

A

internal acoustic meatus, where cranial nerves 7 - facial nerve and 8 - vestobular cochlear - inner ear, pass through

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which nerves exit through the jugular foramen?

A

9 - glossopharangeal , 10- vagus and 11 - accessory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What passes through the hypoglossal canal?

A

hypoglossal nerve (12), tongue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what passes through the foramen magnum?

A

spinal cord and brainstem come together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

structural function of meninges

A

stabilise and protect brain, also form sinuses through which venous blood circulates in the cranial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where do the spider-like projections from the arachnoid mater lie?

A

sub-arachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

where do the two layers of the dura, the periosteal and meningeal layers separate?

A

to form the venous sinuses eg. superior sagittal sinus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what does the falx cerebri do?

A

stabilise brain within cranial cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what lies in subarachnoid space?

A

cerebrospinal fluid and arachnoid projections. Cerebrospinal fluid bathes the brain, protects it against movement and supplies nutrients to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how thick is the pia mater?

A

2 cells thick, essentially the surface of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

how does the relationship between the dura and the bony structures differ between the skull and vertebral column?

A

within the cranial cavity there is no space between the dura and the bone, however when we exit through the foramen magnum, there is an extradural space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

how can anaesthetists take advantage of the extradural space?

A

put extradural or epidural anaesthetic, particularly in mothers who are in labour and need pain relief

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what does the tentorium cerebelli do?

A

provides postural support for the brain and prevents it moving around too much when it is shaken or hit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the cranial vault?

A

space within neurocranium, occupied by the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

why is it important to know the location of the sutures of the skull?

A

to differentiate them between fracture lines on x rays

30
Q

mandible

A

lower jaw bone

31
Q

maxilla

A

cheek bone, forming upper jaw

32
Q

which bone lies on the lateral part of the orbit?

A

zygoma

33
Q

which bone makes up most of the forehead?

A

frontal bone

34
Q

which bone lies directly inferior to the frontal suture?

A

nasal bone

35
Q

which 2 bones lie directly behind the frontal bone?

A

parietal bone

36
Q

which bone lies behind the parietal bone?

A

occipital bone

37
Q

which bone lies laterally on either side of the skull behind the ear?

A

temporal bone

38
Q

which bone is joined to the temporal bone, parietal bone and frontal bone by the pterion?

A

greater wing of sphenoid bone

39
Q

what is the pterion?

A

weak spot where temporal, parietal, frontal and sphenoid bones join together

40
Q

a blow to which area of the skull can cause an intracranial bleed?

A

pterion

41
Q

which bone lies around the foramen magnum?

A

occipital bone

42
Q

which suture joins the two parietal bones and the occipital bone?

A

lamda/ lamboid suture

43
Q

which suture joins the parietal bones and the frontal bone?

A

coronal suture

44
Q

which suture joins the two parietal bones?

A

sagittal suture

45
Q

what is the name of the point where the sagittal and coronal sutures meet?

A

bregma

46
Q

what is the area of unfused bone (soft spot) called on a neonatal skull?

A

anterior fontanelle

47
Q

what benefit does the anterior fontanelle give to the baby?

A

gives the skull flexibility in case the birth canal is too tight

48
Q

how long does the soft spot last?

A

18-24 months after birth

49
Q

3rd layer of scalp tissue

A

aponeurotic layer (a tough layer of dense fibrous tissue) which covers the upper part of the cranium

50
Q

1st layer of scalp

A

skin

51
Q

2nd layer of scalp

A

connective tissue (dense)

52
Q

4th layer of scalp

A

loose areolar tissue

53
Q

5th layer of scalp

A

periosteum

54
Q

where is the scalp bone usually thickest?

A

occipital bone?

55
Q

where is the scalp bone the thinnest?

A

pterion

56
Q

which artery is close to the pterion?

A

middle meningeal artery

57
Q

what type of intracranial haemorrhage is associated with damage to the middle meningeal artery

A

Epidural hemorrhage (extradural hemorrhage) which occur between the dura mater (the outermost meninx) and the skull, is caused by trauma. It may result from laceration of an artery, most commonly the middle meningeal artery.

58
Q

where is the straight sinus located?

A

sagittal across posterior 2/3 of cerebellum

59
Q

where is the transverse sinus located?

A

located laterally on either side around posterior 2/3 of cerebellum

60
Q

which sinuses meet at the confluence of sinuses?

A

superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, occipital sinus and transverse sinuses

61
Q

where is the occiptal sinus located?

A

caudal end of cerebellum

62
Q

which sinus is enclosed in the falx cerebri?

A

superior sagittal sinus

63
Q

name the arteries of the circle of willis from anterior to inferior

A

anterior cerebral artery, anterior communicating artery, middle cerebral artery, opthalmic artery, internal carotid artery, anterior choroidal artery, posterior communicating artery, posterior cerebral artery, superior cerebellar artery, pontine arterior, basilar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, vertebral artery, anterior spinal artery, posterior inferior cerebellar artery

64
Q

location of olfactory bulb

A

posterior to ethmoid bone

65
Q

optic nerve location

A

inferior to sphenoid bone, enters brain through optic canal in the sphenoid bone

66
Q

location of oculomotor nerve (3)

A

The oculomotor nerve is the third cranial nerve (CN III). It enters the orbit via the superior orbital fissure

67
Q

location of pituitary gland

A

in the pituitary fossa (sella turcica) within the body of the sphenoid bone on the midline, in the middle of the pituitary gland

68
Q

location of cavernous sinus

A

on either side lateral to the sella turcica

69
Q

Trigeminal (Meckel’s) cave contains what?

A

containing the trigeminal ganglion

70
Q

trigeminal cave is where?

A

cerebrospinal fluid-containing dural pouch in the middle cranial fossa and opening from the posterior cranial fossa that houses the trigeminal ganglion.

71
Q

which lobes of the brain lie in which fossa?

frontal lobe
temporal lobe
brainstem/cerebellum

A

The frontal lobe sits in the anterior
cranial fossa, the temporal lobe in the middle cranial fossa and the brainstem/cerebellum in
the posterior cranial fossa

Anatomy (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions