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Respiratory Anatomy > Anatomy Of Coughing > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Coughing Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 2 steps in coughing?

A 
Stimulation of sensory receptors in the mucosa 
Oropharynx
Larngopharnynx 
Larynx
Respiratory tree
Rapid response in the CNS
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2
Q

What nerves are stimulated in sneezing?

A

CNV and CNIX

Trigeminal and glossopharyngeal

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3
Q

What nerves are stimulated in coughing?

A

CNIX and CNX

Glossopharyngeal and Vagus

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4
Q

What are the Carotid Sheaths?

A

Protective tubes of the cervical deep fascia

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5
Q

Where do the Carotid Sheaths attach and blend?

A

Attach superiorly to bones of base of skull

Blends inferiority with fascia of mediastinum

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6
Q

What is contained within the Carotid Sheaths?

A

Vagus Nerve (CNIX)
Internal Carotid Artery
Common Carotid Artery
Internal Jugular Vein

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7
Q

What is the Pulmonary Plexus?

A

Route through which the visceral pleura and Respiratory tree visceral afferents connect with the CNS

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8
Q

What intercostal muscles is used for inspiration?

A

External intercostal

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9
Q

What are the accessory muscles of inspiration?

A

Pec major
Pec minor
Sternoeidomastoid
Scalenus anterior, medius and posterior

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10
Q

Pec major attachments and breathing?

A

Between sternum and humorous. Addicts medically and rotates humerus.
If upper limb fixed muscle pulls ribs up and out.

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11
Q

Pec minor breathing?

A

Pulls ribs 3-5 towards the coracoid process of scapula.

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12
Q

Sternoeidomastoid attachments?

A

Between sternum/clavicle and mastoid process of the temporal bone.

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13
Q

Attachments of scalenus anterior, medius and posterior?

A

Attach between cervical vertebrae and ribs 1 and 2.

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14
Q

What does the addiction of the vocal cords do?

A

Close the rima glottidis

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15
Q

What nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

A

The vagus nerve

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16
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles of the larynx do?

A

Adduct the vocal cord

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17
Q

Vagus nerve connections?

A

Connect with the CNS at the medulla of the brain stem.

18
Q

Where does the vagus nerve pass through?

A

Jugular foramen

19
Q

The path of the vagus nerve

A

Descend through Carotid Sheath
In the chest descend posterior to lung root supplying parasympathetic axons to chest organs.
Pass through diaphragm on the orsophagus.
At the stomach divides into parasympathetic branches to supply the foregut and midgut.

20
Q

What does contraction of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles do?

A

Build up intra-abdominal pressures, pushing diaphragm superiorly building up pressure in the chest and respiratory tree inferior to the addicted vocal cords.

21
Q

What are the antrrolateral abdominal wall muscles?

A

Rectus abdominus
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominus

22
Q

What is the aponeurosis?

A

Flat sheet of tendon like material that anchors a muscle or connects it with the part that the muscle moves.

23
Q

In what direction does the external oblique run?

A

Hands in pocket

24
Q

What is the linea Alba?

A

Where the aponeuroses blend

Line in 6 pack

25
Q

Superior attachment of the external oblique.

A

Superficial aspects of the lower ribs.

26
Q

Inferior attachment of the external oblique.

A

Illiac crest and public tubercle

27
Q

What is the linea semilunaris?

A

Where the muscle fibres end and the aponeurosis begins.

28
Q

What way does the internal oblique run?

A

Opposite form external oblique.

29
Q

Superior attachment of internal oblique

A

Inferior border of the lower ribs

30
Q

Inferior attachment of the internal oblique

A

Illiac crests and the thoracolumbar fascia of the lower back

31
Q

What diresction does the Transverese Abdominus run?

A

Straight across allowing us to twist and contract

32
Q

Superior attachment of Transverse Abdominus

A

Deep aspects of lower ribs

33
Q

Inferior attachment of Transverse Abdominus

A

Illiac corset and thoracolumbar fascia of lower back.

34
Q

What is the rectus sheath composed from?

A

The aponeuroses of the other 3 muscles.

35
Q

What do the tendinous intersections of the rectus Abdominus do?

A

Divide the 2 long muscles into 3 or 4 smaller quadrants muscles which improved mechanical efficiency.

36
Q

Where do the 7th-11th intercostal nerves terminate and what do they become?

A

Leave intercostal spaces in plane between internal oblique and Transverse Abdominus
Become thoracoabdominal nerves

37
Q

Subcostal nerve ramus?

A

T12 anterior

38
Q

Ramus of iliohypogastric nerve

A

Half of L1 anterior ramus

39
Q

Ramus of ilionguinal nerve

A

Half of L1 anterior Ramus

40
Q

What is ‘Guarding’?

A

Protects the abdominal viscera. Can’t indicate appendicitis.

41
Q

What nerves causes the soft palate to tense and elevate?

A

CNV and CNX

42
Q

What does the elevation of the soft palate do?

A

Closes of the nasopharynx and directs the air through the oral cavity.

Respiratory Anatomy (3 decks)

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