Anatomy Of Coughing

Question 1

What are the 2 steps in coughing?

Answer 1

Stimulation of sensory receptors in the mucosa 
Oropharynx
Larngopharnynx 
Larynx
Respiratory tree
Rapid response in the CNS

Question 2

What nerves are stimulated in sneezing?

Answer 2

CNV and CNIX

Trigeminal and glossopharyngeal

Question 3

What nerves are stimulated in coughing?

Answer 3

CNIX and CNX

Glossopharyngeal and Vagus

Question 4

What are the Carotid Sheaths?

Answer 4

Protective tubes of the cervical deep fascia

Question 5

Where do the Carotid Sheaths attach and blend?

Answer 5

Attach superiorly to bones of base of skull

Blends inferiority with fascia of mediastinum

Question 6

What is contained within the Carotid Sheaths?

Answer 6

Vagus Nerve (CNIX)
Internal Carotid Artery
Common Carotid Artery
Internal Jugular Vein

Question 7

What is the Pulmonary Plexus?

Answer 7

Route through which the visceral pleura and Respiratory tree visceral afferents connect with the CNS

Question 8

What intercostal muscles is used for inspiration?

Answer 8

External intercostal

Question 9

What are the accessory muscles of inspiration?

Answer 9

Pec major
Pec minor
Sternoeidomastoid
Scalenus anterior, medius and posterior

Question 10

Pec major attachments and breathing?

Answer 10

Between sternum and humorous. Addicts medically and rotates humerus.
If upper limb fixed muscle pulls ribs up and out.

Question 11

Pec minor breathing?

Answer 11

Pulls ribs 3-5 towards the coracoid process of scapula.

Question 12

Sternoeidomastoid attachments?

Answer 12

Between sternum/clavicle and mastoid process of the temporal bone.

Question 13

Attachments of scalenus anterior, medius and posterior?

Answer 13

Attach between cervical vertebrae and ribs 1 and 2.

Question 14

What does the addiction of the vocal cords do?

Answer 14

Close the rima glottidis

Question 15

What nerve supplies the intrinsic muscles of the larynx?

Answer 15

The vagus nerve

Question 16

What do the intrinsic muscles of the larynx do?

Answer 16

Adduct the vocal cord

Question 17

Vagus nerve connections?

Answer 17

Connect with the CNS at the medulla of the brain stem.

Question 18

Where does the vagus nerve pass through?

Answer 18

Jugular foramen

Question 19

The path of the vagus nerve

Answer 19

Descend through Carotid Sheath
In the chest descend posterior to lung root supplying parasympathetic axons to chest organs.
Pass through diaphragm on the orsophagus.
At the stomach divides into parasympathetic branches to supply the foregut and midgut.

Question 20

What does contraction of the anterolateral abdominal wall muscles do?

Answer 20

Build up intra-abdominal pressures, pushing diaphragm superiorly building up pressure in the chest and respiratory tree inferior to the addicted vocal cords.

Question 21

What are the antrrolateral abdominal wall muscles?

Answer 21

Rectus abdominus
External oblique
Internal oblique
Transversus abdominus

Question 22

What is the aponeurosis?

Answer 22

Flat sheet of tendon like material that anchors a muscle or connects it with the part that the muscle moves.

Question 23

In what direction does the external oblique run?

Answer 23

Hands in pocket

Question 24

What is the linea Alba?

Answer 24

Where the aponeuroses blend

Line in 6 pack

Question 25

Superior attachment of the external oblique.

Answer 25

Superficial aspects of the lower ribs.

Question 26

Inferior attachment of the external oblique.

Answer 26

Illiac crest and public tubercle

Question 27

What is the linea semilunaris?

Answer 27

Where the muscle fibres end and the aponeurosis begins.

Question 28

What way does the internal oblique run?

Answer 28

Opposite form external oblique.

Question 29

Superior attachment of internal oblique

Answer 29

Inferior border of the lower ribs

Question 30

Inferior attachment of the internal oblique

Answer 30

Illiac crests and the thoracolumbar fascia of the lower back

Question 31

What diresction does the Transverese Abdominus run?

Answer 31

Straight across allowing us to twist and contract

Question 32

Superior attachment of Transverse Abdominus

Answer 32

Deep aspects of lower ribs

Question 33

Inferior attachment of Transverse Abdominus

Answer 33

Illiac corset and thoracolumbar fascia of lower back.

Question 34

What is the rectus sheath composed from?

Answer 34

The aponeuroses of the other 3 muscles.

Question 35

What do the tendinous intersections of the rectus Abdominus do?

Answer 35

Divide the 2 long muscles into 3 or 4 smaller quadrants muscles which improved mechanical efficiency.

Question 36

Where do the 7th-11th intercostal nerves terminate and what do they become?

Answer 36

Leave intercostal spaces in plane between internal oblique and Transverse Abdominus Become thoracoabdominal nerves

Question 37

Subcostal nerve ramus?

Answer 37

T12 anterior

Question 38

Ramus of iliohypogastric nerve

Answer 38

Half of L1 anterior ramus

Question 39

Ramus of ilionguinal nerve

Answer 39

Half of L1 anterior Ramus

Question 40

What is 'Guarding'?

Answer 40

Protects the abdominal viscera. Can't indicate appendicitis.

Question 41

What nerves causes the soft palate to tense and elevate?

Answer 41

CNV and CNX

Question 42

What does the elevation of the soft palate do?

Answer 42

Closes of the nasopharynx and directs the air through the oral cavity.