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Respiratory Anatomy > Anatomy Of Breathing > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Breathing Flashcards

1
Q

What make up the Upper Respiratory Tract?

A

Right and left nasal cavities
Oral cavity
Naso, Oro and Laryngo pharynx
Larynx

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2
Q

What makes up the Lower Respiratory Tract?

A 
Trachea
Left and Right main bronchi
Lobar Bronchi
Segmental Bronchi
Bronchioles 
Alveoli
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3
Q

Where can the trachea be palpated?

A

At the Jugular Notch

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4
Q

What is the importance of C6?

A

It is where the larynx becomes the Trachea.

Divided URT and LRT

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5
Q

What are the 2 parts of the Thorax?

A

Chest wall and chest cavity

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6
Q

Roles of the Chest Wall

A

Protects heart and lungs
Makes movements of breathing
Breaths tissue- lactation

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7
Q

Where is the chest cavity and what does it contain?

A

Within the chest walls
Contains vital organs
Contains major organs and nerves
Consists of mediastinum and pleural cavities

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8
Q

Where do lung buds develop?

A

In the pleural cavity

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9
Q

What is parietal pleura?

A

Pleura touching chest walls

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10
Q

What is visceral pleura?

A

Touches the lung

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11
Q

Where do the pleura reflect?

A

At the lung root

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12
Q

What is the space between the pleura and what is found in it?

A

The pleural cavity filled with pleural fluid

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13
Q

What is a lung line?

A

Area of lung that each lobar Bronchi supplies.

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14
Q

What is a bronchopulmonary segment?

A

Area that each segmental Bronchi supply.

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15
Q

How many bronchopulmonary segments does each lung have?

A

10

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16
Q

What are the lines of the Right lung?

A

Upper, middle and lower

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17
Q

What are the fissures of the right lung?

A

Horizontal and oblique

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18
Q

What are the lobes of the left lung?

A

Upper and lower

Also lingula

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19
Q

What fissure is found in the left lung?

A

Horizontal

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20
Q

How many ribs are there?

A

12

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21
Q

What ribs are true ribs?

A

1-7

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22
Q

What ribs are false?

A

8-10

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23
Q

What ribs are floating?

A

11 and 12

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24
Q

Where does rib 2 attach?

A

At the sternal angle

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25
Q

What is in a neurovascular bundle?

A

Artery, vein and nerve

26
Q

Where does the intercostal NVB sit?

A

In the costal groove

27
Q

What does the head of the rib articulate with?

A

The body of the vertebrae of the same number and the vertebrae superiorly

28
Q

Why does the rib tubercle articulate with?

A

The transverse process of the vertebrae of the same number

29
Q

What is a Sternocostal Joint?

A

Synovial with limited movement

Between sternum and costal cartilage

30
Q

What is a costochondral joint?

A

Not synovial.

Junction between bone and cartilage

31
Q

What is a costovertebral joint?

A

Synovial- limited movement

Between ribs and vertebrae

32
Q

What are the muscles of normal breathing?

A

External, internal and innermost intercostal muscles

The diaphragm

33
Q

How many pairs of intercostal spaces?

34
Q

Where is the nerve supply of the intercostal muscles?

A

Anterior Ramus of spinal nerve (intercostal nerve)

35
Q

What is the anterior blood supply of the intercostal muscles?

A

Arterial- internal thoracic artery

Venous- internal thoracic vein

36
Q

What is the posterior blood supply of the intercostal muscles?

A

Arterial- Thoracic aorta

Venous- Azygous vein

37
Q

What do the bronchial arteries supply?

A

Lung tissue

38
Q

What does the diaphragm form?

A

Floor of chest cavity and roof of abdominal cavity

39
Q

What is unusual about the diaphragm?

A

Central tendon

40
Q

Why is the diaphragms right done higher?

A

Presence of the liver

41
Q

What are the muscular attachments of the diaphragm?

A

Sternum
Lower 6 ribs and costal cartilages
L1-L6 vertebral bodies

42
Q

What nerve supplies the diaphragm?

A

The phrenic nerve

43
Q

Where is the phrenic nerve found?

A

In the neck on the anterior surface of the scalenus anterior
In the chest descending over the lateral surfaces of the heart

44
Q

What does the phrenic nerve do?

A

Primarily supplies motor innervation but also supplies sensory and sympathetic nerves

45
Q

Excellent lain the process of inspiration

A

Diaphragm contracts and descends and the intercostal muscles contract to elevate the ribs. These increases the chest dimensions.
Chest wall pulls out and air flows in due to the negative pressure.

46
Q

Explain the process of Expiration

A

Diaphragm rises and relaxes and the intercostal muscles relax and the lower ribs fall. Decreases the chest dimensions.
The elastic of the lungs recoil and the air flows out.

47
Q

What are the four quadrants of the breast?

A

Superolateral Quadrant
Infereolateral Quadrant
Superomedial Quadrant
Infereedial Quadrant

48
Q

Describe the unilateral drainage of the breast lymph nodes

A

Drains from the lateral quadrants to axillary nodes.

49
Q

Describe the bilateral drainage of the breast lymph

A

Drainage from medial quadrants to par aster all nodes.

50
Q

What is the supply and drainage of the breast?

A

Internal thoracic artery (branch of subclavian artery)

Internal thoracic artery (drains into subclavian vein)

51
Q

Describe the superficial fascia

A

Adipose tissue- provides insulation

52
Q

Describe the deep fascia

A

Tough fibrous layer- provides protection

53
Q

Where is the cephalic vein situated?

A

In the delta pectoral groove

54
Q

What is the role of the Serratus Anterior?

A

Anchors the scapula to ribs

55
Q

What nerve supplies the serratus anterior?

A

The long thoracic nerve

56
Q

How to winged scapula occur?

A

Paralysis of the serratus anterior- usually through damage to the long thoracic nerve

57
Q

What are the 4 sections of the parietal pleura?

A

Cervical
Costal
Visceral
Mediastinal

58
Q

What is the costodiaphramatic recesses?

A

Most inferior part of the lung upright. Abnormal fluid can drain into recesses causing blunting of the angles on the CXR

59
Q

What surface markings are found in the right lung?

A

Heart, ribs, diaphragm, SVC and azygous vein

60
Q

What surface markings are found on the left lung?

A

Ribs, diaphragm , big heart marking, Aorta

Respiratory Anatomy (3 decks)

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