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My Prosthodontics > Anatomy Of Complete Denture > Flashcards

Anatomy Of Complete Denture Flashcards

1
Q

The average denture bearing area for an edentulous mandible?

A

14 cm2

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2
Q

The average denture bearing area for an edentulous maxilla?

A

24cm2

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3
Q

3 types of anatomical landmarks in maxilla?

A
  1. Limiting structure
  2. Supporting structure
  3. Relief areas
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4
Q

Give the list of all anatomical landmarks of edentulous maxilla?

A
  1. Labial frenum
  2. Labial sulcus
  3. Buccal frenum
  4. Buccal sulcus
  5. Hamular notch
  6. Posterior palatal seal
  7. Crest of alveolar ridge
  8. Maxillary tuberosity
  9. Incisive papilla
  10. Mid palatine Raphae
  11. Palatal Rugae
  12. Fovea palatina
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5
Q

What is limiting structure?

A

Limiting structure are the sites that will guide us in having an optimum extension of denture so as to engage maximum surface area without encroaching upon the muscle action.

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6
Q

What are the limiting structures in maxilla?

A
  1. Labial frenum
  2. Labial vestibule
  3. Buccal frenum
  4. Buccal vestibule
  5. Hamular notch
  6. Posterior palatal seal
  7. Fovea palatinae
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7
Q

What is labial frenum?

A
  • Single or double fibrous band covered by mucous membrane which extends from labial aspect of residual alveolar ridge to the lip.
  • absence of muscle fibers
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8
Q

Clinical significance of labial frenum?

A
  • it limits labial flange of denture
  • it has to be relieved while making impression in order to prevent dislodgement of the denture and to prevent ulceration. It is seen as a V-shaped notch in the impression.
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9
Q

What is labial vestibule?

A
  • It extends from buccal frenum on one side to the other , being divided into right and left by labial frenum.
  • It has a thin mucosa and thick submucosa with large amount of loose areolar tissue and elastic fibers
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10
Q

What is the anteriorly and posteriorly of labial vestibule ?

A

Anteriorly : orbicularis oris muscle

Posteriorly : labial aspect of alveolar ridge

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11
Q

Clinical significance of labial vestibule?

A

The labial flange of the denture will be in complete contact with labial vestibule to provide a peripheral seal in the denture.

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12
Q

What is buccal frenum?

A

Band of fibrous tissue overlying the levator anguli oris, that divides labial vestibule from buccal vestibule.

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13
Q

What muscle acting on buccal frenum?

A

The orbicularis oris pulls frenum forward and the buccinator pulls it backward.

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14
Q

Clinical significance of buccal frenum?

A
  • since it has muscular attachments, adequate relief must be provided to prevent the dislodgement of denture( that is, it can move posteriorly as a result of the buccinator muscle and anteriorly as a result of orbicularis oris)
  • it require more clearance for its action than labial frenum because it moves mesially by orbicularis oris, buccally by buccinator, and vertically by levator anguli oris.
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15
Q

Extension of buccal vestibule? Bounded by? Size depend on?

A
  • Buccal vestibule extends from the buccal frenum to the hamular notch.
  • bounded externally by cheeks and internally by residual alveolar ridge.
  • the size of the vestibule varies with the contraction of the buccinator muscle
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16
Q

Clinical significance of buccal vestibule?

A
  • the patient’s mouth must be half open during impression taking because opening of mouth during final impression cause the coronoid process to move anteriorly narrowing the buccal vestibule.
  • compared to labial flange, buccal flange has less interference and so provides maximum retention.
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17
Q

What is hamular notch? What is attached to it?

A
  • Hamular notch forms the distal limit of the buccal vestibule, located between the tuberosity and the hamulus of the medial pterygoid plate.
  • pterygomandibular raphe is attached to hamular notch
  • it has thick submucosa made up of loose areolar tissue.
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18
Q

Clinical significance of hamular notch?

A
  • if denture border is short of the hamular notch the denture will not have a posterior seal resulting in loss of retention of the denture.
  • if the denture extend beyond hamular notch the pterygomandibular raphe is pulled forward when patient open mouth causing dislodgement of denture.
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19
Q

What is posterior palatal seal? Aka?

A
  • the soft tissue at or along the junction of the hard and soft palate on which pressure along the physiological limits of the tissues can be applied by the denture to aid in the retention of the denture . -GPT
  • aka post dam
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20
Q

Parts of posterior palatal seal area?

A
  1. Post palatal seal

2. Pterygomaxillary seal

21
Q

Extension of posterior palatal seal?

A
  1. Anteriorly -anterior vibrating line
  2. Posteriorly - posterior vibrating line
  3. Laterally - 3-4mm anterior-lateral to hamular notch
22
Q

What is pterygomaxillary seal?

A

It is the part of the posterior palatal seal that extends across the hamular notch and extends 3-4mm anteriorly-laterally to end in mucogingival junction on the posterior part of the maxillary ridge.

23
Q

What is post palatal seal?

A

It is the part of the posterior palatal seal that extends between two maxillary tuberosities.

24
Q

What is vibrating line?

A

The imaginary line across the posterior part of the palate marking the division between the movable and immovable tissues of the soft palate which can be identified when the movable tissue is moving- GPT

25
Q

Extension of denture along the vibrating line?

A

Denture should be extend 1-2mm posterior to this vibrating lines

26
Q

Types of vibrating lines?

A
  1. Anterior vibrating line

2. Posterior vibrating line

27
Q

What is anterior vibrating line?

A
  • it is an imaginary line lying at the junction between the immovable tissue over the hard palate and the slightly movable tissues of the soft palate.
28
Q

Shape of anterior vibrating line?

A

Cupid bow shaped because of the shape of the underlying bone

29
Q

How to locate the anterior vibrating line?

A

Valsalva maneuver : the patient is asked to close his nostrils firmly and gently blow through his nose to locate the anterior vibrating line.

30
Q

What is posterior vibrating line?

A

It is an imaginary line located at the junction of the soft palate that shows limited movement and the soft palate that shows marked movement.

This line is usually straight.

31
Q

Clinical significance of posterior palatal seal?

A
  • it maintains contact with the anterior portion of the soft palate during functional movements of the stomatognatic system(mastication, deglutition and phonation). Therefore, the primary purpose of the posterior palatal seal is the retention of the maxillary denture.
  • reduce the tendency for gag reflex as it prevents the formation of the gap between the denture base and the soft palate during functional movements.
  • prevents food accumulation between the posterior border of the denture and the soft palate.
32
Q

What are fovea palatinae ?

A
  • These are the depressions or indentations situated on the anterior to the junction of the soft and hard palate.
  • it is formed by coalescence of the duct of several mucous glands.
  • the position of the fovea palatinae also influence the posterior border of the denture.
  • the secretion of the fovea spreads as a thin film on the denture therefore aiding in retention.
33
Q

Clinical significance of fovea palatinae ?

A

-in patient with thick ropy saliva, the fovea palatinae should be left uncovered or else the thick saliva flowing between the tissue and the denture can increase the hydrostatic pressure and displace the denture.

34
Q

Primary stress bearing area of maxilla?

A
  • hard palate

- postero-lateral slope of the residual alveolar ridge

35
Q

Secondary stress bearing area?

A
  • rugae
  • maxillary tuberosity
  • alveolar tubercle
36
Q

What is hard palate formed by?

A

It is formed by palatine shelves of the maxillary bone and the premaxilla

37
Q

Hard palate is lined by?

A

Keratinised epithelium

38
Q

Clinical significance of hard palate?

A

The trabecular pattern in the bone is perpendicular is perpendicular to the direction of the force, making it capable of withstanding any amount of force without marked resorption .

39
Q

What is posterior-lateral slopes of the residual alveolar ridge? What it is lined by? function? The resorption rate?

A
  • the portion of the alveolar ridge and its soft tissue covering which remains following removal of the teeth.-GPT
  • lined by thick stratified squamous epithelium
  • even though the submucosa is thin it sufficiently provide adequate resiliency to support the denture.
  • it resorts rapidly following extractions and continues throughout life at a reduced rate
40
Q

Clinical significance of the posterolateral slopes of the residual alveolar slopes?

A
  • the vertical forces during physiological activities like mastication falls on the denture and is transmitted posteriorly. The posterior-lateral slopes of the ridge bears the force and hence is the primary supporting structure.
41
Q

What are rugae ?

A

These are the mucosal folds located in the anterior region of the palatal mucosa.

42
Q

How rugae contributes to the secondary stress bearing area?

A

-in the area of rugae, the palate is set at an angle to the residual alveolar ridge and is thinly covered by soft tissue which contributes to the secondary stress bearing area.

43
Q

Clinical significance of rugae?

A
  • it is associated with the sensation of taste and the function of speech
  • they assist the tongue to absorb via its papillae
  • they also enable the tongue to form a perfect seal when it is pressed against the palate in making linguo-palatal constant stops of speech
  • rugae should not be displaced otherwise the rebounding may dislodge the denture
  • they provide anterior-posterior resistance to movement of the denture and increased surface area which help in retention.
44
Q

What is maxillary tuberosity?

A

It is the bulbous extension of the residual ridge in the 2nd and 3rd region, terminating in the hamular notch.

45
Q

Clinical significance of maxillary tuberosity?

A
  • the area is less likely to resorb
  • artificial teeth are not set on the tuberosity region.
  • the tuberosity sometimes exhibit buccal undercuts, if it is unilateral it can be utilised for the retention.
46
Q

What is relief area?

A

These are areas in the denture bearing areas which should be relieved during construction of dentures

47
Q

What are the relief areas in maxilla?

A
  • incisive papillae
  • mid-palatine raphe
  • fovea palatine
  • palatine torus
48
Q

What is incisive pappilae?

A
  • It is the midline structure situated behind the central incisors.
  • as resorption progresses, it comes to lie nearer to the crest of the ridge
49
Q

What lies beneath the incisive pappilae?

A

Incisive foremen lies immediately beneath the papillae which nasopalatine nerves and vessels pass through it.

My Prosthodontics (4 decks)

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