ANATOMY OF BREATHING Flashcards
the respiratory tract is made up of…
2
the upper respiratory tract
the lower respiratory tract
components of upper respiratory tract
4
nasal cavity
larynx
oral cavity
pharynx
components of lower respiratory tract
5
trachea lobar bronchi segmented bronchi bronchioles alveoli
what is the epiglottis?
flap of tissue - closes over trachea while eating
what happens at level C6 vertebrae?
2
the larynx becomes the trachea
the pharynx becomes the oesophagus
explain burification in relation to the trachea
division of the trachea into 2 main bronchi (right and left)
how many lobes does each lung have?
right - 3 lobes
left - 2 lobes
how many lobar bronchi and how many segmental bonchi are there?
5 lobar bronchi - 1 for each lobe
10 segmental bronchi - 1 for every bronchopulmonary segments
what are fissures?
spaces between lobes
lack of what cell in alveoli and bronchioles allows gas exchange to occur?
‘respiratory epithelium - produce mucous onto surface > presense of mucous would prevent gas exchange otherwise
function of hyaline cartilage
to provide trachea and all bronchi walls with support (not present in alevoli)
list the 5 requirements for O2 and CO2 diffusion between blood and alveoli
functioning lung tissue sufficient O2 in atmosphere no CO2 in air thin alveolar walls minimal tissue fluid in tissue surrounding capillaries
factors which prevent free movement of air in lungs
2
narrowing of respiratory tract (bronchiole constriction, mucosa swelling, growing tumour)
foreign bodies being inhaled
how is the URT kept patent (open)?
2
2 nasal cavities in skull (seperated by internal wall)
the ‘skeleton’ of the larynx (epiglottis, thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, 2 ariyenoid cartilages)
nasal septum is made up of…
2
bone - ethmoid (superior) and vomer (inferior)
cartilage
