Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Dental Assisting > Anatomy - Obj. 1.6 to 1.8, 5.1-5.3 (week 2 pp) > Flashcards

Anatomy - Obj. 1.6 to 1.8, 5.1-5.3 (week 2 pp) Flashcards

1
Q

How many surfaces on each tooth

A

Each tooth has five
surfaces: facial, lingual,
masticatory, mesial,
and distal surfaces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Facial Surface

A

The tooth surface
closest to the surface of
the face is termed
facial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Labial Surface

A

The tooth surface
closest to the surface of
the face is termed
facial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Buccal surface

A

The facial surface
closest to the inner
cheek is termed buccal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

lingual surface

A

The surface closest to
the tongue is termed
lingual.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

palatal surface

A

The lingual surfaces
closest to the palate on
the maxillary arch is
sometimes also termed
palatal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

one rooted teeth

A

incisors, cuspids/canines, premolars/bicuspids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

two rooted teeth

A

mandibular molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

three rooted teeth

A

maxillary molars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

proximal surfaces

A

surfaces next to each other when teeth are adjacent in in the arch (both mesial and distal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

interproximal surfaces

A

area between two adjacent teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

anatomic features of the teeth help…

A

Anatomic features of the teeth help maintain their positions in the arch and protect the tissues
during mastication (chewing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Three anatomic features of the teeth

A

◦ Contours
◦ Contacts
◦ Embrasures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Contours of teeth

A

All teeth have a curved surface except when the
tooth is fractured or worn
◦ Some surfaces are convex; others are concave
◦ General principle that the crown of the tooth narrows
toward the cervical line is true for all types of teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Facial and lingual contours
A

◦ The normal contour of a tooth provides the gingiva with adequate stimulation for health, while protecting it from damage that may be caused by food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Mesial and distal contours
A

These contours provide normal contact and embrasure form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

height of contours

A

The “bulge,” or widest point, on a specific surface of the crown
* Contact areas on the mesial and distal surfaces are usually considered the height of contour on the proximal surfaces
* Facial and lingual surfaces also have a height of contour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Contact area

A

The area where the
crowns of adjacent
teeth in the same arch
physically touch on
each proximal surface is
the contact area, or, as
referred to by clinicians,
the contact

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

A proper contact serves the following purposes:

A

◦ Prevents food from being trapped between the teeth
◦ Stabilizes the dental arches by holding the teeth in either arch in positive contact with each other
◦ Protects the interproximal gingival tissue from trauma during mastication (chewing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Embrasures

A
  • When two teeth in the same arch touch, their curvatures next to the contact areas form spaces called embrasures
  • An embrasure is a triangular space in a gingival direction between the proximal surfaces of two adjoining teeth in contact * Embrasures are continuous with the interproximal
    spaces between the teeth
  • All tooth contours, including contact areas and embrasures, are important in the function and health of the oral tissues
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

apical embrasure

A

embrasure on anterior teeth near gingiva (gums)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

incisor embrasure

A

embrasure at incisal edge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

lingual embrasures

A

embrasure on the lingual surface of all teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

facial embrasures

A

embrasure on buccal and labial surface of teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

occlusal embrasures

A

embrasures on occlusal surface of posterior teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

clinical considerations for tooth surfaces

A
  • The tooth’s angles, height of contour, and spaces define the front or face of a tooth when the design of a patient’s smile is considered, because these features are noted first when contemplating
    someone’s smile.
  • Altering placement and shape of these features changes the face of a tooth and its perceived size and the appearance of the smile.
  • Note that ideally the mesial part of the face and silhouette of a tooth is more angled vertically than the distal part of the face of a tooth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

cusp

A

major elevation on the occlusal surfaces of canine and posterior teeth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Developmental
depressions

A

Developmental
depressions outline the
separations among the
labial developmental
lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

cingulum

A

The lingual surfaces of
all anteriors have a
cingulum.

A raised, rounded area
on the cervical third of
the lingual surface

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

mamelons

A

small bumps on incisor incisal edges - usually appear on recently erupted adult teeth and are worn away with use/grinding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

anterior developmental groove

A

Anteriors may have on
their lingual surface a
developmental groove
- A sharp, deep,
V-shaped linear
depression that marks
the junction among the
developmental lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

posterior developmental grooves

A

The developmental
grooves on each
different posterior
tooth type are located
in the same place and
mark the junction
among the
developmental lobes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

types of developmental grooves

A

-central groove
-supplemental groove (or secondary groove)
may also be present on the lingual surface of anterior teeth
-triangular groove
-marginal groove

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

fossa

A

a shallow, wide
depression.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

developmental pits

A

are located in the
deepest part of each
fossa.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

occlusal pit

A
  • Each occlusal pit is a
    sharp pinpoint
    depression where two
    or more grooves meet
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Posterior marginal ridge

A

The crown of each
posterior tooth has an
occlusal surface that is
bordered by the raised
marginal ridges

  • Located on the distal
    surface and mesial
    surface
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

anterior marginal ridge

A

Present on the lingual
surface.
The lingual surface on anteriors is bordered
mesially and distally on each side by a rounded raised border

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Triangular ridges

A

Triangular ridges, are cusp ridges that
descend from the cusp tips toward the central part of the occlusal table

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

transverse ridge

A

Additionally present on
many posteriors is a
transverse ridge

A term given to the
joining of two
triangular ridges
crossing the occlusal
table transversely, or
from the labial to
lingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

incisal ridge

A

The long crown of an
anterior tooth has an
incisal surface, which is
considered the incisal
ridge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

features of the face: ala of the nose

A

◦ wing - outer nostril

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

features of the face: Tragus of the ear

A

Projection anterior to the external opening of the ear

38
Q

Ala-tragus line

A

◦ Used to landmark for x-rays

39
Q

features of the face

A
  1. Outer canthus of the eye
  2. Inner canthus of the eye
  3. Ala of the nose - wing/outernostril
  4. Philtrum - cupids bow
  5. Tragus of the ear
  6. Nasion - between eyebrows
  7. Glabella - middle of forhead
  8. Bridge of the nose
  9. Septum
  10. Anterior naris - nostril-ish
  11. Mental protuberance - chin
  12. Angle of the mandible - jawline
  13. Zygomatic arch - cheekbone
40
Q

labial commisure

A

corners of lips/mouth

41
Q

vermillion border

A

outside border of lips

42
Q

vermillion zone

A

inside of border of lips

43
Q

vestibule

A

The vestibule is the space between the
teeth and the inner mucosal lining of the
lips and cheeks.

44
Q

oral cavity proper

A

The oral cavity proper is the space on
the tongue side within the upper and
lower dental arches (Bird & Robinson,
2020).

45
Q

linea alba

A
  • white ridge of raised tissue extends horizontally at the level where the maxillary and mandibular teeth come together
  • Caused by friction
    with the teeth
46
Q

Fordyce spots

A
  • are normal small, yellowish elevations that may appear on the buccal mucosa
47
Q

mucogingival junction

A

A distinct line of color change where the alveolar mucosa meets with attached gingivae

  • The attached gingiva is a lighter color and has a stippled surface
48
Q

alveolar mucosa

A

Covers the alveolar
bone

  • Loosely attached to the
    bone
  • Redder in colour than
    labial or buccal mucosa
49
Q

frenum/frenulum

A
  • They are found at the inner midline of both upper and lower lips and by the cuspid or bicuspid areas
  • It is a narrow fold of mucous membrane passing from fixed tissue to more movable tissue
  • The frena/frenula attach the lips to the alveolar mucosa and the tongue to the floor of the mouth
50
Q

gingiva (gums)

A

Gingiva surrounds the tooth like a collar and is self-cleansing.
* Gingiva is firm and resistant and can be tightly
adapted to the tooth and bone.
* Surfaces of the attached gingiva and interdental
papillae are stippled and resemble the rind of an orange.
* The color of the gingival surface varies according to the individual’s pigmentation

51
Q

attached gingiva

A

The attached gingiva
extends from the base
of the sulcus to the
mucogingival junction.

  • It is a stippled, dense
    tissue that is selfprotecting, firmly
    bound, and resilient
52
Q

Bony eminence

A

-raised contour of bone that
follows the roots of the teeth, canine eminence

53
Q
  • Maxillary tuberosity
A

-small extension of bone
posterior to last maxillary tooth

54
Q
  • Retromolar area
A

bone posterior to last
mandibular tooth-we will discuss this in more
detail when we detail the mandible

55
Q

exostoses

A

Localized growth of
bone

56
Q

hard palate

A

roof of mouth
* Crush food
* Assist in swallowing
* Prevent injury to the oral structures by determining
texture and temperature of food (Bird & Robinson,
2021)
Hard Palate
(A) Surface features of th

57
Q

soft palate

A

Posterior third of the palate
* Composed of muscular fibers covered with mucosa
* The most posterior portion is the uvula
* The soft palate assists by closing off the nasal cavity during swallowing or speaking – specifically the uvula

58
Q

Oropharynx

A

The middle part of the throat, behind the mouth.

59
Q

tongue - dorsum

A
  • The upper surface is
    the dorsum
60
Q

tongue - ventral surface

A
  • The undersurface is the
    ventral surface
  • Large visible blood
    vessels and deep
    lingual veins
  • Plica fimbriata/e
61
Q

tongue - depression down

A
  • The depression down
    the midline is the
    median sulcus
62
Q

tongue - Circumvallate/Vallate Papillae

A
  • Is a V-shaped row of circular, raised papillae
    about 2/3 of the way back
  • Involved in your gag reflex.
  • Contain taste buds
63
Q

Filiform Papillae

A
  • grey threadlike projections of epithelial tissue
  • cover the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
  • provide tactile sense
64
Q

Fungiform Papillae

A
  • reddish small mushroom-shaped dots
  • dorsal surface
  • anterior 2/3rds of the tongue
  • Contain taste buds
65
Q

Foliate Papillae

A
  • on lateral surface, back in the region of the
    circumvallate papillae
  • some taste buds
66
Q

lingual tonsils

A
  • Found near the midline, on the dorsum of the tongue
  • Directly behind the circumvallate papilla
  • Similar to the tissue of palatine tonsils
  • Works as a defense mechanism in that area
67
Q

Masticatory Mucosa

A

oral mucosa that covers the hard palate, dorsum of the tongue, and gingiva

68
Q

specialized mucosa

A

mucous membrane on the tongue in the form of
lingual papillae, which are structures associated
with sensations of taste

69
Q

lining mucosa

A

mucous membrane that covers the inside of the cheeks, vestibule, lips, soft palate, and underside
of the tongue and acts as a cushion for underlying structures

70
Q

Universal Numbering System (UNS)

A

This system is the most widely used in the United States for the designation of both dentitions, because it is adaptable to electronic data

-the primary teeth are designated from each other in a consecutive arrangement by using capital letters, A through T, starting with the maxillary right second molar, moving clockwise, and ending
with the mandibular right second molar

  • The permanent teeth are designated from each other in the UNS in consecutive arrangement as the patient is observed from in front by using the digits 1 through 32, starting with the maxillary
    right third molar, moving clockwise, and ending with the mandibular right third molar.
71
Q

FDI - International Numbering System

A
  • However, the need for a system that can be used
    internationally, as well as by electronic data
    transfer, is recognized; thus the acceptance of the
    International Numbering System (INS) * This is based on the system of the Fédération
    Dentaire Internationale (FDI
  • the teeth are designated from each other by using a two-digit code.
  • The first digit of the code indicates the quadrant, and the second indicates the tooth’s position in this quadrant.
  • the digits 1 through 4 are used for quadrants in a clockwise manner in the permanent dentition, and digits 5 through 8 are used in a clockwise manner for those quadrants of the primary dentition
    he teeth are designated from each other by usinga two-digit code.
  • The first digit of the code indicates the quadrant, and the second indicates the tooth’s position in this quadrant.
  • The digits 1 through 4 are used for quadrants in a clockwise manner in the permanent dentition, and digits 5 through 8 are used in a clockwise manner for those quadrants of the primary dentition
72
Q

palmer method

A
  • In this system, the teeth are designated from each other with a right-angle symbol indicating the quadrants and arch, with the tooth number placed inside
73
Q

maxillary labial frenum

A

middle frenum on top arch

74
Q

mandibular labial frenum

A

middle frenum on bottom arch

75
Q

mandibular buccal frenum

A

frenums near cuspid teeth on bottom arch

75
Q

sublingual fold

A

fold on ventral side of tongue

75
Q

labial frenum

A

frenum under the tongue

76
Q

mandibular tori

A

localized growth of bone under tongue - on the sides of floor of mouth

77
Q

FOM - Floor of mouth

A

under the tongue

78
Q

primary dentistion

A

There are 20 primary teeth: 10 in the maxillary arch and 10 in the mandibular arch
* Includes incisors, canines, and molars
* Numbered in the FDI System by quadrants (5-8)

79
Q

incisive papilla

A

right behind central incisors on roof of mouth

80
Q

palatal ruguae

A

bumps/ridges distal to incisive papilla, on roof of mouth

81
Q

medial palatine raphe (or suture)

A

center of roof of mouth - where 2 bones meet/come together (under the mucosa)

82
Q

palatal torus

A

deviation of normal - boney over growth/bump on roof of mouth

83
Q

Dentition periods

A

primary
mixed
permanent

84
Q

primary teeth

A

baby or deciduous teeth - 20 total, 10 maxi & 10 mandi
includes incisors, canines/cuspids & molars (no premolars)
numbered in FDI system by quads 5-8
1st tooth usually erupts around 6 months of age

85
Q

Mixed dentition

A
  • Mixed dentition generally occurs between the ages of 6 and 12 years
  • Both primary and permanent teeth are present during this transitional period
  • The mixed dentition period begins with the eruption of the first permanent tooth, which is a permanent mandibular first molar
  • This period ends with shedding of the last primary tooth
86
Q

permanent dentition

A

The final, or adult, dentition
* This period begins with shedding of the last primary tooth
* Growth of the jawbones slows and eventually stops
* There is very little growth of the jaw overall during this period because puberty has passed

87
Q

primary teeth eruption

A
  • The actual dates are
    not as important as the eruption sequence,
    because there can be a great deal of variation in the actual dates of
    eruption.
  • However, the sequence
    tends to be uniform
    *The primary dentition
    takes between 2 and 3
    years to be completed
88
Q

primary teeth eruption sequence

A
  1. central mandi incisor
  2. central maxi incisor
  3. lateral maxi incisor
  4. lateral mandi incisor & 1st molar
  5. 1st mandi molar
  6. maxi canine
  7. mandi canine
  8. 2nd mandi molar
  9. 2nd maxi molar
89
Q

primary to permanent teeth comparision

A
  • The crown of any primary tooth is short
    in relation to its total length
  • It is also narrower, at the cementoenamel
    junction (CEJ), making them appear bulbous
    ** Roots of primary teeth are also narrower and longer than the crown length.
    *Each crown-to-root ratio of primary teeth is smaller than those ratios of their
    permanent dentition counterparts
    *primary teeth are typically more white
    *primary teeth have prominent cervical ridge
    *primary teeth are smaller overall
    *The enamel is relatively thinner on primary teeth
    ** The pulp chambers and
    pulp horns are relatively large in
    proportion to those of the permanent teeth
90
Q

primate spaces

A

Spaces between the primary maxillary
lateral incisor and canine, and also
between the primary mandibular canine and first molar
- spaces for room for permanent teeth once erupted
- can tell if braces may be needed if there is no room

91
Q

Arch development: leeway space

A

This difference in size, mesial-distally between the
two types of teeth, is called the leeway
space

92
Q

why are primary teeth important?

A
  • Often parents do not understand the importance of the primary teeth
  • Primary teeth hold the eruption space for the permanent teeth
  • Because the enamel and dentin are thinner in primary teeth, decay can travel quickly through the enamel to the pulp, possibly causing loss of the tooth
  • Early dental health education and dental care are essential in keeping the primary dentition
93
Q

Primary Tooth Eruption dates

A

Each quadrant-1 central, 1 lateral, 1 canine, 2 molars = 5 x 4 quads = 20 teeth.

Eruption begins mandibular central incisor at approximately 6 months.

RULE: mn > mx

a) 1’s 6-10 months

b) 2’s 7-10 months/9-12 months

c) 4’s 12 -18 months

d) 3’s 16-22 months

e) 5’s 20-32 months/24-32 months

Sequence 1, 2, 4, 3, 5

94
Q

The development and growth of the primary teeth are essential because..

A

The development and growth of the primary teeth are essential because they influence arch growth and provide stimuli for the formation of arch space for the permanent teeth, which are larger and more numerous (Fehrenbach & Popowics, 2020). Premature loss of primary teeth, especially canines and molars may result in malocclusion or malpositioning of the permanent teeth (Fehrenbach & Popowics, 2020). The development of the arches is generally sufficient to accommodate the increased number and size of permanent teeth. If arch development is not in accord with the size of the developing teeth, “crowding” or “diastema” (space between the teeth) may occur. Finally, primary teeth are needed for speech articulation (Fehrenbach & Popowics, 2020).

95
Q

What age does first primary tooth erupt?

A

The primary teeth begin to erupt at about six months of age and should all be present by 2-2 1/2 years of age. The first deciduous teeth to erupt are the mandibular central incisors (about 6 months). The maxillary central incisors usually erupt about a month later. As a rule, the mandibular teeth erupt before the corresponding maxillary teeth

96
Q

Exfoliation

A

The process of shedding the deciduous teeth and replacement with permanent teeth is called exfoliation. Exfoliation begins 2-3 years after the deciduous root is fully formed. The root begins to resorb at its apical end and resorption continues until the entire root has disappeared and the tooth falls out

97
Q

Primary/Deciduous Characteristics differing from Permanent Counterparts

A

Anterior teeth have smaller crowns and roots
Have no mamelons
Molars are wider mesial to distal than permanent bicuspids
Narrower roots and longer in comparison with the crown length
Narrow cementoenamel junction
The cervical ridge of enamel at the cervical third of the crowns of deciduous anterior teeth are very prominent labially and lingually.
Buccocervical ridges of molars are much more pronounced creating a more bulbous or “bell-shaped” appearance
Roots are more slender and longer and flare apically to allow room in between for the developing permanent tooth crowns.
Lighter in colour more white with a bluish cast
Pulp chambers are large compared to crown size
Pulp horns extend more occlusally
Less dense pulp
Less dense enamel with inconsistent depth

98
Q

Permanent Teeth Eruption Dates

A

*6-7 Years
Maxillary 1st Molars
Mandibular Central Incisors
Mandibular 1st molars

*7-8 years
Maxillary Central Incisors
Mandibular Lateral Incisors

*8-9 years
Maxillary Lateral Incisors

*9-10 years
Mandibular Cuspids

*10-11 years
Max 1st Premolar
Mandi 1st premolar

*10-12 years
Max 2nd premolar

*11-12 years
Max Cuspids

*11-13 years
mandi 2nd molar
Max 2nd molars

*12-13 years
Mandi 2nd premolars

*17-21 years (if at all)
mandi 3rd molar
Max 3rd molars

99
Q
A

Dental Assisting (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions