Anatomy - Obj 1.1-1.5 (week 1 pp)

Question 1

What is anatomy? importance for DA?

Answer 1

Anatomy is the study of the human body’s shape and structure. Sciences form the foundation of a dental assistant’s care; therefore, it is important for the dental assistant to understand the body’s
basic shape and structure

Question 2

Nomenclature

Answer 2

system of naming in science

Question 3

anatomical position

Answer 3

1) standing erect
2) toes pointed forward and feet flat on the floor
3) eyes directed to the horizon facing observer
4) arms by the sides with palms facing forward.

Question 4

Medial

Answer 4

toward the midline of the body

Question 5

• Lateral

Answer 5

away from the midline of the
body structure.

Question 6

• Proximal

Answer 6

close to a point of attachment
or closer to the trunk of the body

Question 7

• Distal

Answer 7

further from a point of
attachment of further from the trunk of
the body

Question 8

superior

Answer 8

higher

Question 9

inferior

Answer 9

lower

Question 10

Midsagittal plane

Answer 10

: is a vertical
plane that divides the body into equal
right and left halves.

Question 11

Parasagittal plane

Answer 11

is any vertical
plane that does not pass through the
midline of the body and divides the
body into unequal right and left
portions.

Question 12

Frontal/Coronal plane

Answer 12

divides the
body into anterior and posterior
portions.

Question 13

Horizontal/transverse plane

Answer 13

is the plane that divides the body into
superior and inferior portions.

Question 14

2 dental arches

Answer 14

maxillary arch - upper arch
mandibular arch - lower arch

Question 15

Anterior teeth

Answer 15

• teeth toward the front of the
  mouth
  typically include the central incisors,
  lateral incisors, and canines.

Question 16

• Posterior teeth

Answer 16

teeth toward the back of the
mouth
in the primary dentition include both the
first and second molars.
* In the permanent dentition, the posterior teeth include first and second premolars and all three molars

Question 17

ENAMEL

Answer 17

a hard protective tissue that covers the crown of the tooth

Question 18

Dentin

Answer 18

◦ makes up the main bulk of the tooth. Dentin is found in both the crown and root of the tooth.
* Softer than enamel, harder than cementum or bone
* Can continue to form throughout the lifespan of a tooth

Question 19

Cementum

Answer 19

◦ covers the root of the tooth
* Attaches the tooth to the bone
* Softer than enamel or dentin
* Light yellow in colour

Question 20

pulp

Answer 20

soft connective tissue containing nerves and blood vessels - in the center of the tooth.
Center of the tooth, surrounded by dentin
* Nourishing and sensory (pain) function
* Composed of blood vessels, lymph vessels,
connective tissues, and nerve tissue
* Two parts of the pulp cavity
◦ pulp chamber and
◦ pulp canal
* The pulp horn is the extension of the chamber

Question 21

Crown

Answer 21

the white part of tooth, covered with enamel

Question 22

CEJ

Answer 22

the crown and root are joined at the
cemento-enamel junction (neck of tooth)
◦ The CEJ is also called the cervical line or the cervix

Question 23

Root

Answer 23

part of the tooth covered in cementum, embedded in the bone

Question 24

• Apex

Answer 24

terminal end of the root

Question 25

◦ Apical foramen

Answer 25

tiny opening in the apex of the
root for blood vessels and nerves to enter

Question 26

periodontal ligament

Answer 26

• Between the bone of the alveolar process and the cementum is the periodontal ligament, which suspends the tooth and provides it with nourishment.

The Periodontal Ligament (PDL) can be defined as a fibrous joint that anchors the root of the tooth to the alveolar bone socket

Question 27

The tooth root - radicular

Answer 27

◦ having to do with the tooth root.
◦ the radicular pulp is the pulp contained in the root

Question 28

Single rooted

Answer 28

Teeth that only have one root
* Found in all anterior teeth and a few
posterior teeth

Question 29

bifurcated root

Answer 29

• Is a root which divides into two separate parts
• This root system is typically found on lower molars

Question 30

trifurcated roots

Answer 30

Means the division of a root into three separate parts
* This provides the tooth with maximum
anchorage against biting force
* Typically upper molars where anchorage is
essential

Question 31

cuspids (canines)

Answer 31

There are two cuspids in each arch. They are sometimes referred to as canines.
* Location – next to the lateral incisors, establishes the corner of the arches.
* Shape – anchored with the longest root, one pointed cusp.
* Function – used for holding, grasping, and tearing food. Referred to as the cornerstone of the mouth

Question 32

premolars (bicuspids)

Answer 32

There are four premolars in each arch. Two first premolars and two second premolars. They are sometimes referred to as bicuspids.
* Location – first premolars are next to the cuspids followed by the second premolars.
* Shape – maxillary first premolars have a bifurcated root, all others have one root, one prominent cusp with one or two lesser lingual cusps.
* Function – holding food, like canines because they have cusps; also to grind food

Question 33

molars

Answer 33

There are six molars in each arch (3 in each
quadrant) of the permanent dentition. Two first molars, two second molars and two third molars. Third molars are sometimes called wisdom teeth.
* Location – first molars are next to the second premolars, second molars next to the first molars and third molars next to the second molars. The third molars are the farthest teeth in the mouth.
* Shape – bifurcated or trifurcated roots, broad chewing surfaces with four to five cusps.
* Function – grinding or chewing food

Question 34

occlusal surfaces

Answer 34

on occlusal teeth - top part of posterior teeth

Question 35

incisal surfaces

Answer 35

edge of anterior teeth

Question 36

lingual surfaces

Answer 36

surfaces of teeth touching tongue - can be referred to as palatal surfaces for maxi teeth

Question 37

• Facial surfaces
  ◦ Buccal
  ◦ Labial

Answer 37

Buccal - surface of teeth touching cheeks
labial - surface of teeth touching lips

Question 38

• Proximal surfaces
  ◦ Mesial surfaces
  ◦ Distal surfaces

Answer 38

Mesial - side surface of teeth closer to midline
distal - side surface of teeth further from midline

Question 39

• Interproximal area

Answer 39

space between the teeth

Question 40

line angles

Answer 40

• These separate two surface of a tooth by forming a junction of the two surfaces

Question 41

point angles

Answer 41

• The point in which 3 surfaces will meet