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ENT (nose) > Anatomy - Nose And Nasal Cavity > Flashcards

Anatomy - Nose And Nasal Cavity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the nose and nasal cavity?

A 
Sense of smell
A route for inspired air 
Filters inspired air - trapping particles in nasal hair or mucous
Moistens and warms inspired air
Resonating chamber for speech
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2
Q

When the nose is blocked due to a cold, why does the mouth get dry?

A

Because on of the functions of the nose is to moisten and warm inspired air

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3
Q

The external nose is made up of…

A

Cartilage and bone

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4
Q

Where in the external nose does inspired air initially enter?

A

The vestibule

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5
Q

What bones make up the perimeter of the nose?

A

Nasal bone

Part of maxilla

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6
Q

Nasal bone is prominent on face, so susceptible to fracture. Why can it be hard to tell if displacement has occurred?

A

Swelling

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7
Q

Why should x ray not be done even if suspect a nasal fracture?

A

Will not change immediate management

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8
Q

Why does speed of airflow slow down as it enters the nasal cavity?

A

Greater cross sectional area

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9
Q

The whole of the nasal cavity is lined with mucous membrane, more specifically called…

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliates epithelium

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10
Q

At the top of the nasal cavity there is an olfactory mucous membrane. This is where the ends of what nerve are found?

A

Olfactory nerve - perceive smell

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11
Q

What is the role of the respiratory mucous membrane?

A

Filter - mucous/cilia
Humidify - watery secretions
Warm air - rich blood supply

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12
Q

The nasal cavity receives drainage from…

A 
Paranasal sinuses 
Nasolacrimal duct (this is why nose runs when you cry)
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13
Q

What is the medial wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal septum - bony and cartilagenous part

Bony = perpendicular plate of ethmoid and vomer

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14
Q

What comprises the lateral wall of the nasal cavity?

A

Bony projections covered by respiratory mucosa - conchae

Superior
Middle
Inferior

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15
Q

What is the spaces between the conchae in the nasal cavity called?

A

Meatuses (there are 3)

Where paranasal sinuses and nasolacrimal duct drain into

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16
Q

What is the role of the conchae in the nasal cavity?

A

Create turbulence of air flow

Increase surface area of mucous membrane - can be filtered and warmed more

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17
Q

What makes the roof on the nasal cavity?

A

Frontal bone
Ethmoid - cribiform plate
Part of sphenoid

18
Q

How can CSF pass into the nasal cavity?

A

Anterior cranial floor fracture that involves the cribiform plate

19
Q

Which cranial nerve carries general sensation from the nasal cavity?

A

Trigeminal - mostly maxillary division, small part ophthalmic

20
Q

Why is there a rich blood supply to nasal mucosa?

A

Allow for warming and humidification of inspired air

21
Q

What is epistaxis?

A

Nose bleed

22
Q

Arterial supply to the nasal cavity arises from branches of what arteries?

A

Ophthalmic artery

Maxillary artery

23
Q

What branches of the ophthalmic artery supply the nasal cavity?

A

Posterior and anterior ethmoid

24
Q

What branch of the maxillary artery supplies the nasal cavity?

A

Sphenopalatine artery

25
Q

What is the ophthalmic artery a branch of?

A

Internal carotid artery

26
Q

What is the maxillary artery a branch of?

A

External carotid artery

27
Q

Where is the most common source of bleeding in epistaxis?

A

Kiesselbach’s area/plexus = area of arterial anastomoses

28
Q

Is Kiesselbach’s are in the anterior or posterior nasal cavity?

A

Anterior

29
Q

Veins from nasal cavity drain into…

A

Pterygoid venous plexus, cavernous sinus, facial vein

30
Q

A small number of nose bleeds occur from what artery (more serious bleeding)?

A

Sphenopalatine artery

31
Q

Why is bleeding from the sphenopalatine artery more difficult to treat?

A

At back of nasal cavity, so difficult to compress

32
Q

What are paranasal sinuses?

A

Air filled spaces that are extensions of the nasal cavity

33
Q

What are the paranasal sinuses lined with?

A

Respiratory mucosa - that are also ciliated and secrete mucous

34
Q

How are the sinuses named?

A

According to bone they are in

Four pairs

35
Q

What are the sinuses called?

A

Frontal
Maxillary
Ethmoid
Sphenoid

36
Q

What is the role of the sinuses?

A

Help humidify and warm inspired air

Reduce weight of the skull

37
Q

Where do sinuses drain into?

A

Nasal cavity via small channels called ostia into a meatus (mostly middle one)

38
Q

Roots of the upper teeth can sometimes project into which sinus?

A

Maxillary

39
Q

What are some important anatomical relations of the sinuses?

A

Nasal cavity
Orbit
Anterior cranial fossa

40
Q

What innervates the frontal, ethmoid and sphenoid sinuses?

A

Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve

41
Q

What innervates the maxillary sinus?

A

Maxillary division of trigeminal nerve

ENT (nose) (9 decks)

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