Anatomy (Nervous System)

Question 1

Thalamus and hypothalamus is in which part of brain

Answer 1

Diencephalon of forebrain

Question 2

Location of brainstem

Answer 2

Part in midbrain(mesencephalon )and part in part in hindbrain

Question 3

Location of cerebral l aqueduct

Answer 3

Midbrain

Question 4

Parts of hindbrain

Answer 4

Pons, medulla, cerebellum

Question 5

Location of precentral gyrus and postcentral gyrus

Answer 5

Pre -cerebral hemispheres
Post -parietal lobe

Question 6

Function of calcarine and post calcarine sulcus

Answer 6

Vision

Question 7

Broca’s areas function

Answer 7

Speech

Question 8

Location of Broca’s area

Answer 8

Posterior part of inferior cerebral gyrus

Question 9

Function of lateral part of frontal lobe

Answer 9

Intellect

Question 10

Function of medical and orbital surface of frontal lobe

Answer 10

Affective behavior

Question 11

Function of parietal lobe

Answer 11

Reception, recognize and integration of all somatic sensation from Thalamus

Question 12

Location of auditory cortex

Answer 12

Superior temporal gyrus. Receives via medial geniculate body

Question 13

What uncus of temporal lobe is concerned with

Answer 13

Olfactory stimulus

Question 14

What is astereognosis

Answer 14

Inability to recognize sensory stimulus

Question 15

What is agnosia

Answer 15

Inability to recognize meaningful sound

Question 16

Parts of basal ganglia

Answer 16

Corpus striatum(caudate nucleus, putamen, globus padlock)
Claustrum
Amygdaloid nucleus
Thalamus

Question 17

Contents of midbrain

Answer 17

Cerebral peduncles(corticospinal tract, cortiobulbar tract)
Substantia nigra
Red nucleus
Nucleus of CN 3,4,part of sensory of 5

Question 18

At ventricles pia mater is invaginated by blood vessels to form what?

Answer 18

1.Tela choroidea
The tela choroidea is a fold of pia mater, a vascular membrane, that is located in the brain’s lateral, third, and fourth ventricles.
2.The choroid plexus (CP) is a vascularized tissue in the brain that produces cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and performs other functions:
CSF production
The CP secretes about 400–600 mL of CSF each day, which protects the brain from pathogens, provides nutrients, and removes waste products.
Cleansing the blood
The CP contains cells that use the same ion channels and enzymes as kidney and liver cells to cleanse the blood.
Basic housekeeping
The CP can activate a rapid response to brain emergencies.
Synthesis
The CP synthesizes peptide hormones, cytokines, growth factors, enzymes, and receptor molecules.
The CP is located in the innermost layer of the meninges (pia mater), which is in close contact with the cerebral cortex and spinal cord. It lines all the ventricles of the brain except the frontal/occipital horn of the lateral ventricles and the cerebral aqueduct.

Question 19

Features of uncus fit

Answer 19

Olfactory hallucinations
Loss of consciousness
Involuntary chewing

Question 20

Superior medullary velum

Answer 20

The superior medullary velum (SMV), also known as the anterior medullary velum, valve of Vieussens, or velum medullare anterius, is a thin, transparent white matter membrane in the brain that connects the two superior cerebellar peduncles:
Location
It’s located between the superior cerebellar peduncles horizontally and the cerebellum and midbrain vertically, caudal to the exit of the fourth cranial nerve, and covered by the lingula of the cerebellum
Function
It’s part of the tectum and is involved in various functions related to the cerebellum and brainstem
Features
It has a slightly elevated ridge called the fraenulum veli that descends upon its upper part, and the trochlear nerve emerges on either side of the fraenulum veli
Roof of the fourth ventricle
It forms the roof of the upper part of the fourth ventricle along with the superior cerebellar peduncle
The SMV can be used as a sign for diagnosis. For example, in one study, the SMV was displaced anteriorly and/or inferiorly in eight out of nine astrocytomas, and superiorly dislocated in 11 out of 12 medulloblastomas.

Question 21

What are the four components of the limbic system and their functions?

Answer 21

Hypothalamus: The hypothalamus produces hormones, helps you sleep, and manages your mood, hunger and thirst, sexual arousal, blood pressure, body temperature and heart rate.
Amygdala: The amygdala plays a role in how you experience emotions and feelings (like anxiety, anger and fear), memory and social interpretations (information about others).
Thalamus: The thalamus processes sensory information (hearing, taste, sight and touch) and helps with memory, planning and emotions.
Hippocampus: Your hippocampus is responsible for your ability to form new memories.

Question 22

Nerve to stylopharyngeus

Answer 22

Glossopharyngeal

Question 23

Parasympathetic nerve to parotid gland

Answer 23

Glossopharyngeal

Question 24

Innervation of carotid sinus and carotid body

Answer 24

Glossopharyngeal

Question 25

Babinski sign

Answer 25

Babinski sign occurs when stimulation of the lateral plantar aspect of the foot leads to the big toe’s extension (dorsiflexion or upward movement) (hallux). Also, there may be fanning of the other toes.

Question 26

How many arches does truncus arteriosus give off?

Answer 26

6 pairs

Question 27

Which arche pairs of truncus arteriosus disappear?

Answer 27

1st
2nd
5th

Question 28

What is telencephalon

Answer 28

The telencephalon is a part of the brain that contains several structures, including:

Olfactory bulb
Located in the bony skull beneath the orbital forebrain, the olfactory bulb is part of the telencephalon and is considered one of the oldest parts of the brain.

Hippocampus
An S-shaped structure in the medial part of the temporal lobe, the hippocampus is important for learning and memory.

Amygdala
Located in the caudal part of the ventral telencephalon, the amygdala is involved in controlling emotions.

Cerebral cortex
The cerebral cortex is made up of the right and left hemispheres, each with four lobes: frontal, parietal, temporal, and occipital. It controls many high functions, such as thinking, decision making, and understanding language.

Basal ganglia
A group of subcortical brain structures that control motor, cognitive, and affective functions.

Limbic system
The limbic system is made up of the oldest parts of the telencephalon and is essential for emotionality, motivation, learning, and memory.

Question 29

Type of spinothalamic tract

Answer 29

Ascending cause spine to Thalamus

Question 30

Number of spinothalamic tract

Answer 30

Anterior
Lateral

Question 31

Folds of dura

Answer 31

These folds are:
• falx cerebri
• tentorium cerebelli
• falx cerebelli.