Anatomy - movement definitions Flashcards
What are the anatomical planes
Frontal/coronal- vertical plane from left to right
Sagittal/longitudinal - vertical plane from front to back
Transverse/horizontal/axial/ cross-section - parallel to the floor
Terms for above or below another part of the body
Superior/inferior
Terms for towards the front/the rear
Anterior/ventral
Posterior/ventral
Terms for towards the head (but below the neck) vs towards the tail/coccyx
Rostral/Caudal
Terms for towards/away from the midline
Medial/lateral
Terms for nearest/furthest from the point of origin
Proximal/distal
Terms for on the same side of the body vs on the opposite side of the body
Ipsilateral/Contralateral
Impact on what rostral/caudal and ventral/dorsal mean when applied to the skull past the midbrain
What happens to posterior/anterior and superior/inferior
Directions are considered after rotating 100 degrees anti clockwise
Rostral - towards beak
Caudal - towards tail
The other terms are unchanged
What are the two reference positions?
Fundamental - stand upright, feet parallel, palms towards the body
Anatomical - as above except palms fully supinated - facing forward
What movements are described from the anatomical vs fundamental position
Anatomical - hand and fingers, limbs and joints
Fundamental - radio-ulnar joints
What are the axes of movement?
Sagittal/antero-posterior axis - horizontal from front to back
Coronal/left-right/medio-lateral - horizontal from left to right
Vertical/longitudinal/craniocaudal - vertical
What is adduction vs abduction?
Abduction - sideward movement away from the midline of the body (or for fingers away from the middle finger)
Adduction - opposite of above
What is the term for sideways bending of the trunk to left/right?
Lateral flexion
Term for the movement of the wrist laterally (i.e. in coronal plane about sagittal axis ) in anatomical position
Radial/Ulnar deviation
Term for movement of thumb (in coronal plane) away from/towards the middle finger
Flexion - away
Extension - towards
Terms for lifting of lateral or medial border of foot in coronal plane around sagittal axis
Lift lateral border - eversion
Medial border - inversion
Rotation of foot out/in (in horizontal plan around vertical axis)
In - adduction
Out - abduction
Explanation of combination of movements creating pronation vs supination of foot
Pronation - abduction + eversion
Supination - adduction + inversion
Definition of flexion, what happens to the joint angle and what plane this occurs in (in anatomical position)
Movement away from the mid-line of the body
Joint angle decreasing
In sagittal plane
Term for movement of ankle joint in sagittal plan around coronal axis
Dorsiflexion - flexion of the ankle joint
Plantarflexion - extension of the ankle joint
Terms for inward and outward rotation in transverse plane about vertical axis
Lateral - outward
Medial - inward
Terms for lateral vs medial rotation of the forearm (from fundamental position)
Lateral = supination
Medial - pronation
In the anatomical position, through which plane does extension/flexion occur?
Sagittal (anterio-posterior) plane
In the anatomical position, through which plane does abduction/adduction occur?
The frontal (coronal) plane
