Anatomy - movement definitions

Question 1

What are the anatomical planes

Answer 1

Frontal/coronal- vertical plane from left to right

Sagittal/longitudinal - vertical plane from front to back

Transverse/horizontal/axial/ cross-section - parallel to the floor

Question 2

Terms for above or below another part of the body

Answer 2

Superior/inferior

Question 3

Terms for towards the front/the rear

Answer 3

Anterior/ventral

Posterior/ventral

Question 4

Terms for towards the head (but below the neck) vs towards the tail/coccyx

Answer 4

Rostral/Caudal

Question 5

Terms for towards/away from the midline

Answer 5

Medial/lateral

Question 6

Terms for nearest/furthest from the point of origin

Answer 6

Proximal/distal

Question 7

Terms for on the same side of the body vs on the opposite side of the body

Answer 7

Ipsilateral/Contralateral

Question 8

Impact on what rostral/caudal and ventral/dorsal mean when applied to the skull past the midbrain

What happens to posterior/anterior and superior/inferior

Answer 8

Directions are considered after rotating 100 degrees anti clockwise

Rostral - towards beak
Caudal - towards tail

The other terms are unchanged

Question 9

What are the two reference positions?

Answer 9

Fundamental - stand upright, feet parallel, palms towards the body

Anatomical - as above except palms fully supinated - facing forward

Question 10

What movements are described from the anatomical vs fundamental position

Answer 10

Anatomical - hand and fingers, limbs and joints

Fundamental - radio-ulnar joints

Question 11

What are the axes of movement?

Answer 11

Sagittal/antero-posterior axis - horizontal from front to back

Coronal/left-right/medio-lateral - horizontal from left to right

Vertical/longitudinal/craniocaudal - vertical

Question 12

What is adduction vs abduction?

Answer 12

Abduction - sideward movement away from the midline of the body (or for fingers away from the middle finger)

Adduction - opposite of above

Question 13

What is the term for sideways bending of the trunk to left/right?

Answer 13

Lateral flexion

Question 14

Term for the movement of the wrist laterally (i.e. in coronal plane about sagittal axis ) in anatomical position

Answer 14

Radial/Ulnar deviation

Question 15

Term for movement of thumb (in coronal plane) away from/towards the middle finger

Answer 15

Flexion - away

Extension - towards

Question 16

Terms for lifting of lateral or medial border of foot in coronal plane around sagittal axis

Answer 16

Lift lateral border - eversion

Medial border - inversion

Question 17

Rotation of foot out/in (in horizontal plan around vertical axis)

Answer 17

In - adduction

Out - abduction

Question 18

Explanation of combination of movements creating pronation vs supination of foot

Answer 18

Pronation - abduction + eversion

Supination - adduction + inversion

Question 19

Definition of flexion, what happens to the joint angle and what plane this occurs in (in anatomical position)

Answer 19

Movement away from the mid-line of the body

Joint angle decreasing

In sagittal plane

Question 20

Term for movement of ankle joint in sagittal plan around coronal axis

Answer 20

Dorsiflexion - flexion of the ankle joint

Plantarflexion - extension of the ankle joint

Question 21

Terms for inward and outward rotation in transverse plane about vertical axis

Answer 21

Lateral - outward

Medial - inward

Question 22

Terms for lateral vs medial rotation of the forearm (from fundamental position)

Answer 22

Lateral = supination

Medial - pronation

Question 23

In the anatomical position, through which plane does extension/flexion occur?

Answer 23

Sagittal (anterio-posterior) plane

Question 24

In the anatomical position, through which plane does abduction/adduction occur?

Answer 24

The frontal (coronal) plane