Anatomy Midterm 2 - Nervous system

Question 1

What are the two parts of the nervous system?

Answer 1

CNS - brain, spinal cord

PNS - cranial nerves, spinal nerves

Question 2

What are the cranial nerves?

Answer 2

CN 1 - Olfactory
CN 2 - Optic
CN 3 - Oculomotor
CN 4 - Trochlear
CN 5 - Trigeminal
CN 6 - Abducent
CN 7 - Facial 
CN 8 - Vestibulocochlear
CN 9 - Glossopharyngeal
CN 10 - Vagus
CN 11 - Accessory
CN 12 - Hypoglossal

Question 3

How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? Location?

Answer 3

31 pairs

Cervical - 8
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacral - 5
Coccygeal - 1

Question 4

What does the dorsal ramus innervate?

Answer 4

Intrinsic back muscles

Medial branch - all muscular, T6 and up are also cutaneous
Lateral branch - all muscular, T7 and down are also cutaneous

Question 5

What does the ventral ramus innervate?

Answer 5

Extrinsic muscles

Cervical plexus - neck, some head, and upper shoulders

Brachial plexus - pectoral girdle and upper limbs

Lumbosacral plexus - pelvic girdle and lower limbs

Question 6

What are dermatomes?

Answer 6

Area of skin innervated by cutaneous branches of a single spinal nerve

Question 7

What is the autonomic nervous system? Two divisions?

Answer 7

visceral (organs, blood vessels, glands) innervation

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 8

What are the two neuron pathways of the ANS?

Answer 8

Preganglionic neuron - cell body (CNS), axon goes to autonomic ganglion in PNS

Postganglionic neuron - cell body (PNS), axon goes to effector (organ, vessel or glands)

Question 9

Function of the sympathetic thoracolumbar division

Answer 9

Stimulates heart, dilates bronchi, contracts arteries, and inhibits the digestive system

Fight or Flight

Question 10

Function of parasympathetic craniosacral division

Answer 10

decrease heart rate, increases digestion

Rest and Digest

Question 11

What is the Enteric Nervous System?

Answer 11

Intrinsic nervous system of the gut

Question 12

What are the two parts of the Enteric Nervous system?

Answer 12

Myenteric (Auerbach’s) Plexus - controls motility

Submucosal (Meissner’s) Plexus - controls absorption and secretion

Question 13

What are the groupings of neurons?

Answer 13

Nucleus - collection of cell bodies (CNS)
Tract - collection of axons (CNS)
Ganglion - collection of cell bodies (PNS)
Nerve - collection of axons (PNS)