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Yr 2 - Respiratory System > Anatomy - Lungs & Pleurae > Flashcards

Anatomy - Lungs & Pleurae Flashcards

1
Q

What forms the Adam’s apple / thyroid prominence / laryngeal prominence?

A

2 thyroid cartilages which come to merge in the midline

Important in examination

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2
Q

Where do the vocal cords lie?

A

Posterior to the thyroid cartilage

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3
Q

What does the cricoid cartilage surround?

A

Ring of cartilage that surrounds the trachea

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4
Q

What is function of cricoid cartilage?

A

Provides support and keeps it open

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5
Q

What shape is the cricoid cartilage? Why is it this shape?

A

C-shaped

Because just posterior there is the oesophagus so when we swallow the food pipe distends and can encroach onto the trachea.

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6
Q

What muscle is found on posterior aspect of trachea?

A

Trachealis

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7
Q

Where can emergency access to airway in neck be found?

What is this membrane called?

A

Between thyroid and cricoid cartilage there is membrane

Cricothryoid membrane

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8
Q

Describe difference in appearance between left and right bronchi

A

Right bronchus is broader and more vertical compared to left

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9
Q

Which lung is foreign bodies more likely to enter? Why?

A

Right lung (due to shape of right bronchus)

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10
Q

What is the larynx continuous with?

A

Trachea

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11
Q

What is the larynx?

A

The passageway for air between the pharynx above and the trachea below

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12
Q

What is air conditioned by after entering nasal/oral cavity? What type of flow does this produce?

A

Nasal conchae

turbulent flow

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13
Q

Where does air enter after passing through nasal conchae?

A
  1. Nasopharnyx
  2. Oropharynx
  3. Laryngopharynx
  4. Trachea
  5. 1ary bronchi
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14
Q

What is the hilum of the lung?

A

Is where number of structures enter and leave the lung itself (e.g. bronchi)

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15
Q

What blood do pulmonary arteries carry?

A

Deoxy

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16
Q

What blood do pulmonary veins carry?

A

Oxy

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17
Q

Where does apex of lung project?

A

Projects 2-3cm superior to clavicle

18
Q

What comprises the root of the lung?

A

Comprised of primary bronchi, pulmonary arteries, pulmonary veins.

19
Q

Where is the root of the lung located?

A

Located at the hilum of each lung

20
Q

What angle is at T4/T5?

A

Sternal angle

21
Q

What is vertebral level T4/T5?

A

A transverse plane that passes through the sternal angle on the anterior chest wall and the intervertebral disc of T4-T5.

22
Q

What is found at T4/T5 level?

A
  1. Trachea bifurcates
  2. Arch of aortal begins and ends (at the transverse plane between the sternal angle anteriorly and the vertebral level of T4-T5 posteriorly)
  3. Pulmonary trunk bifurcates to form right and left pulmonary arteries (going toward lung)
23
Q

Describe difference between shape of right and left lung

A
  • Right lung is shorter and broader than left
  • Right lung has 3 lobes split by fissures (oblique, horizontal)
  • Left lung has 2 lobes (oblique fissure)
24
Q

What is this difference between shape of lungs due to?

A

Presence of heart

25
Q

What does the oblique fissure separate?

A

separates upper lobe from lower lobe

26
Q

What does horizontal fissure separate?

A

separates right lung into upper, middle and lower lobe

27
Q

What is the lingula of the lung?

A

Left lung - where middle lobe would have formed but doesn’t continue to develop

refers to the tip or tongue-like projection of the upper lobe of the left lung

28
Q

What impressions are found on the left lung?

A

Cardiac impression

Aorta impression

29
Q

What is the pulmonary ligament of the lung?

A

Slight extension of hilum at interior aspect. Is a reflection of mediastinal parietal pleura below the lung root on each side

30
Q

Where is parietal pleura?

A

Sticks to inner surface of body wall.

31
Q

Where is visceral pleura?

A

Around lung

32
Q

Where is pleural fluid found?

A

Between 2 layers of pleura

33
Q

What is function of pleural fluid?

A

Important in creating surface tension between layers of pleura. Allows changes in shape of thoracic cage to be conformed to the lung (changes size of lung and pressures).

34
Q

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

Potential space in pleura cavity in which lung can expand during forced inspiration

35
Q

Where is the costodiaphragmatic recess found?

A

a potential space in the pleural cavity, at the posterior-most tips of the cavity, located at the junction of the costal pleura and diaphragmatic pleura

36
Q

What is effect of increased sympathetic activity on heart rate?

A

Increased

37
Q

What is effect of increased parasympathetic activity on heart rate?

A

Descreased

38
Q

What provides parasympathetic innervation to heart/lungs/digestive tract?

A

Vagus nerve

39
Q

Where does vagus nerve originate?

A

Is the tenth cranial nerve that from the medulla of the brainstem

40
Q

Which vagus nerve innervates the SA node?

A

Right

41
Q

What provides sympathetic innervation to structures in thorax?

A

Sympathetic chain

42
Q

Where does sympathetic chain reside?

A

Either side of vertebrae

Yr 2 - Respiratory System (22 decks)

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