Anatomy II MTI Vasculature Flashcards
The internal iliac artery gives rise to what three branches that supply the lower extremity?
obturator artery
superior gluteal artery
inferior gluteal artery
What branch of the obdurator artery supplies blood to the head of the femur?
The acetabular branch provides an artery to the head of the femur through the ligamentum teres.
What 5 structures must be avoided when giving IM injections in the gluteal region?
the superior gluteal artery and nerve, the inferior gluteal artery and nerve, the sciatic nerve
Describe the name changes of the femoral artery.
External iliac artery, then when it passes under inguinal ligament it is femoral artery, then when it passes through the adductor hiatus it becomes the popliteal artery
What are 3 proximal brances off of the femoral artery?
Superficial epigastric artery, external pudendal artery, and profunda femoris (deep femoral) arteries
The superficial epigastric artery supplies blood to what area of the body?
Run subcutaneously and superiorly towards umbilicus
The external pudendal artery supplies blood to what area of the body?
Runs medially over spermatic cord (males) or round ligament of uterus (females) to supply external genitalia.
The profunda femoris (deep femoral) artery supplies blood to what area of the body?
Descends to supply much of the adductor compartment
Describe path of medial circumflex artery
Branches from deep femoral or femoral artery, travels anteriorly around neck of femur. Supplies most of the blood for the femoral neck and head.
Describe path of lateral circumflex artery
Branches from deep femoral or femoral artery, travels posteriorly around neck of femur.
Describe path and name changes of the popliteal artery.
Femoral artery –> adductor hiatus –>
popliteal artery –> popliteal fossa of the posterior knee and passes the inferior border of the popliteus muscle –>
posterior tibial artery.
Describe the branches of the posterior tibial artery
Anterior tibial artery –> gap in the interosseus membrane –> anterior compartment of the leg
Fibular artery –> lateral compartment of the leg
Posterior tibial artery ends –> medial and lateral plantar arteries after it wraps around the medial malleolus
How do medial and lateral plantar arteries enter the foot?
They are part of a neurovascular bundle that passes posteriorly to medial malleolus, under the flexor retinaculum.
Describe the branches of the anterior tibial artery.
It branches into the dorsal pedis artery and the lateral tarsal artery proximal to the base of MT1
What structures define the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
Between lower tendons of
hamstrings & heads of
gastrocnemius
What structures are found in the popliteal fossa?
Popliteal artery & vein,
tibial nerve
common fibular nerve
Lymph nodes
What structures form the boundary of the femoral triangle?
Between inguinal ligament, sartorius & adductor longus
What structures can be found in the femoral triangle?
Femoral nerve, artery and vein
Inguinal lymph nodes
Great saphenous vein enters femoral vein
What is the signifance of the femoral canal?
Femoral canal is the space medial to femoral vein and is the site for femoral hernias
What is a femoral hernia?
Also called direct hernia. Intestinal loop passes through femoral canal – lump or bulge in femoral triangle – may or may not be pain.
More in adults, more in females, 3% of all hernias.
What is the main superficial vein of the lower limb?
Long Saphenous vein:
Long vein along medial aspect of leg & thigh;
used as source of bypass vessels
What is the main deep vein of the lower limb?
Venae Comitantes follow deep arteries
Account for over 90% of veneous return from lower extremities
What are perforating veins?
Special communicating (perforating) veins that interconnect superficial and deep veins
Describe the formation of varicose veins.
Valves in perforating veins become incompetent
Contractions of calf muscles cause a reverse flow externally through the perforating veins
The superficial & perforating veins become varicose.
In uterine cancer, what lymph node might you see changes in?
Superficial inguinal lymph node
If you step on a rusty nail, what lymph node(s) might you see changes in?
Popliteal, deep inguinal
In general, the superficial horizontal group of lymph nodes drains what areas of the body?
Buttocks, abdominal wall, perineum, lateral thigh
In general, the superficial vertical group of lymph nodes drains what areas of the body?
Medial thigh, leg, foot
