Anatomy II MTI Vasculature

Question 1

The internal iliac artery gives rise to what three branches that supply the lower extremity?

Answer 1

obturator artery
superior gluteal artery
inferior gluteal artery

Question 2

What branch of the obdurator artery supplies blood to the head of the femur?

Answer 2

The acetabular branch provides an artery to the head of the femur through the ligamentum teres.

Question 3

What 5 structures must be avoided when giving IM injections in the gluteal region?

Answer 3

the superior gluteal artery and nerve, the inferior gluteal artery and nerve, the sciatic nerve

Question 4

Describe the name changes of the femoral artery.

Answer 4

External iliac artery, then when it passes under inguinal ligament it is femoral artery, then when it passes through the adductor hiatus it becomes the popliteal artery

Question 5

What are 3 proximal brances off of the femoral artery?

Answer 5

Superficial epigastric artery, external pudendal artery, and profunda femoris (deep femoral) arteries

Question 6

The superficial epigastric artery supplies blood to what area of the body?

Answer 6

Run subcutaneously and superiorly towards umbilicus

Question 7

The external pudendal artery supplies blood to what area of the body?

Answer 7

Runs medially over spermatic cord (males) or round ligament of uterus (females) to supply external genitalia.

Question 8

The profunda femoris (deep femoral) artery supplies blood to what area of the body?

Answer 8

Descends to supply much of the adductor compartment

Question 9

Describe path of medial circumflex artery

Answer 9

Branches from deep femoral or femoral artery, travels anteriorly around neck of femur. Supplies most of the blood for the femoral neck and head.

Question 10

Describe path of lateral circumflex artery

Answer 10

Branches from deep femoral or femoral artery, travels posteriorly around neck of femur.

Question 11

Describe path and name changes of the popliteal artery.

Answer 11

Femoral artery –> adductor hiatus –>
popliteal artery –> popliteal fossa of the posterior knee and passes the inferior border of the popliteus muscle –>
posterior tibial artery.

Question 12

Describe the branches of the posterior tibial artery

Answer 12

Anterior tibial artery –> gap in the interosseus membrane –> anterior compartment of the leg

Fibular artery –> lateral compartment of the leg

Posterior tibial artery ends –> medial and lateral plantar arteries after it wraps around the medial malleolus

Question 13

How do medial and lateral plantar arteries enter the foot?

Answer 13

They are part of a neurovascular bundle that passes posteriorly to medial malleolus, under the flexor retinaculum.

Question 14

Describe the branches of the anterior tibial artery.

Answer 14

It branches into the dorsal pedis artery and the lateral tarsal artery proximal to the base of MT1

Question 15

What structures define the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 15

Between lower tendons of
hamstrings & heads of
gastrocnemius

Question 16

What structures are found in the popliteal fossa?

Answer 16

Popliteal artery & vein,
tibial nerve
common fibular nerve
Lymph nodes

Question 17

What structures form the boundary of the femoral triangle?

Answer 17

Between inguinal ligament, sartorius & adductor longus

Question 18

What structures can be found in the femoral triangle?

Answer 18

Femoral nerve, artery and vein
Inguinal lymph nodes
Great saphenous vein enters femoral vein

Question 19

What is the signifance of the femoral canal?

Answer 19

Femoral canal is the space medial to femoral vein and is the site for femoral hernias

Question 20

What is a femoral hernia?

Answer 20

Also called direct hernia. Intestinal loop passes through femoral canal – lump or bulge in femoral triangle – may or may not be pain.
More in adults, more in females, 3% of all hernias.

Question 21

What is the main superficial vein of the lower limb?

Answer 21

Long Saphenous vein:
Long vein along medial aspect of leg & thigh;
used as source of bypass vessels

Question 22

What is the main deep vein of the lower limb?

Answer 22

Venae Comitantes follow deep arteries

Account for over 90% of veneous return from lower extremities

Question 23

What are perforating veins?

Answer 23

Special communicating (perforating) veins that interconnect superficial and deep veins

Question 24

Describe the formation of varicose veins.

Answer 24

Valves in perforating veins become incompetent
Contractions of calf muscles cause a reverse flow externally through the perforating veins
The superficial & perforating veins become varicose.

Question 25

In uterine cancer, what lymph node might you see changes in?

Answer 25

Superficial inguinal lymph node

Question 26

If you step on a rusty nail, what lymph node(s) might you see changes in?

Answer 26

Popliteal, deep inguinal

Question 27

In general, the superficial horizontal group of lymph nodes drains what areas of the body?

Answer 27

Buttocks, abdominal wall, perineum, lateral thigh

Question 28

In general, the superficial vertical group of lymph nodes drains what areas of the body?

Answer 28

Medial thigh, leg, foot