Anatomy - Hip, Gluteal region and Thigh Flashcards
List the major parts of the distal end of the femur
Medial epicondyle
Medial condyle
Lateral condyle
Lateral epicondyle
Which structures run between the trochanters of the femur?
Posterior aspect: intertrochanteric crest
Anterior aspect: intertrochanteric line
Give four ligaments of the hip joint and describe their functions
Ligament of the head of the femur
Iliofemoral - prevents hyperextension
Pubofemoral - prevents hyperextension and over abduction
Ischiofemoral - prevents hyperextension
Which structures attach to the greater trochanter of the femur?
Gluteus medius Gluteus minimus Piriformis Ischiofemoral ligament Superior and inferior gemelli muscles Obturator internus
Which structures attach to the intertrochanteric line?
iliofemoral ligament
pubofemoral ligament
Which structure attaches to the lesser trochanter of the femur?
Iliopsoas tendon
Which structure attaches to the intertrochanteric crest?
Quadratus femoris
Where does the gluteus maximus attach?
Gluteal tuberosity; proximal continuation of the lateral border of the linea aspera of the femur
Which structure attaches to the adductor tubercle?
Adductor magnus
Describe the structure and function of the acetabular labrum
Fibrocartilaginous
Deepens the acetabulum to give greater stability to the hip joint
Which muscle is the main extensor of the hip?
Gluteus maximus
Which nerves innervate the gluteal muscles?
Inferior gluteal nerve (S1-S2) - gluteus maximus Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1) - gluteus medius - gluteus minimus - tensor fascial latae
What are the actions of glut medius and minimus?
Abduction and medial rotation of the hip
What are the actions of tensor fascia latae?
Flexion of the hip, and stabilisation of the extended knee
List the lateral rotator muscles of the hip
Piriformis Superior gemellus Obturator internus Inferior gemellus Quadratus femoris
Which nerves innervate the lateral rotators of the hip?
Piriformis - anterior rami of S1-S2
Superior gemellus - nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)
Obturator internus - nerve to obturator internus (L5-S1)
Inferior gemellus - nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)
Quadratus femoris - nerve to quadratus femoris (L5-S1)
What other action do the lateral hip rotators perform?
Abduction of the hip
Describe the innervation of the anterior thigh
All are innervated by the femoral nerve (L2-L3) except psoas major which is innervated by the anterior rami of L1-L3
Describe the action(s) of the quadriceps femoris muscles
Extention of the knee and stabilisation of the patella
Rectus femoris also flexes the hip joint
What are the actions of iliopsoas?
Hip flexion and lateral rotation
What are the actions of Pectineus?
Adduction and flexion of the hip
What are the actions of Sartorius?
Flexion, abduction and lateral rotation of the hip
Flexion of the knee
Which four muscles make up Quadriceps femoris?
Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedialis
Vastus medialis
Describe the innervation of the medial thigh muscles
All are innervated by the obturator nerve (L2 - L4)
List the muscles in the medial thigh
Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Obturator externus Gracillis
Describe the actions of the medial thigh muscles
Most adduct the hip
Adductor longus also medially rotates the hip
Obturator externus laterally rotates the hip
Gracillis also flexes the knee
Which three muscles make up the hamstrings?
Semitendinosus
Semimembranous
Biceps femoris (long and short heads)
Describe the innervation of the hamstrings
All are innervated by the tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5 - S2)…
… except the short head of biceps which is innervated by the common fibular division of the sciatic nerve (L5 - S2)
