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yr 2 - cardiology system > Anatomy - Heart and Great Vessels > Flashcards

Anatomy - Heart and Great Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

What joins to form the superior vena cava?

A

Right and left brachiocephalic veins

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2
Q

What is each brachiocephalic vein formed by?

A

Union of internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

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3
Q

What does the superior vena cava empty into?

A

Right atrium

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4
Q

What does the internal jugular vein drain?

A

Head and neck (correlates to carotid artery)

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5
Q

What does the subclavian vein drain?

A

Upper limbs

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6
Q

What is the connection between the pulmonary trunk and aortic arch called in adults?

A

Closed structure –> ligamentum arteriosum

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7
Q

What is the ‘ligamentum arteriosum’ in foetal development?

A

Duct that allows blood to pass from pulmonary trunk into arch of aorta (bypassing lungs)

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8
Q

What does the pulmonary trunk divide into?

A

Right and left pulmonary arteries

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9
Q

Where does left vagus nerve pass?

A

Around arch of aorta

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10
Q

Where does the left phrenic nerve pass?

A

Adheres to lateral surface of pericardium and supplies diaphragm

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11
Q

What is the base of the heart formed by?

A

right and left atria

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12
Q

What is the apex of the heart formed by?

A

Predominantly by the left ventricle

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13
Q

What are the 2 pericardial sinuses?

A
  1. Transverse
  2. Oblique
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14
Q

What is the transverse pericardial sinus?

A

Passage between left and right (arterial and venous) parts of pericardial space. Behind the aorta and pulmonary artery and anterior to superior vena cava

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15
Q

What is clinical importanceof transverse pericardial sinus?

A

Used in cardiac bypass surgery. Passing one end of clamp through sinus, and other end anterior to aorta/pulmonary trunk will allow complete blockage of blood output. Isolates pulmonary trunk and ascending aorta. Complete blockage and gather deoxygenated blood (that would usually go to lung).

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16
Q

Where is oblique pericardial sinus?

A

Lies behind left atrium and in between left and right pulmonary veins

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17
Q

What are the aortic sinuses (left and right)

A

Dilations of the ascending aorta which occur just above aortic valve. These widenings are between the wall of the aorta and each of the three cusps of the aortic valve.

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18
Q

Where do the left and right coronary artery arise from?

A

Ascending aorta from left and right aortic sinuses

19
Q

What does the LCA initially branch into?

A
  1. Anterior interventricular artery (or left anterior descending artery)
  2. Left circumflex artery
20
Q

What does the left circumflex artery then branch into?

A

Left marginal branch

21
Q

What does RCA branch into?

A
  • Right marginal artery (anteriorly)
  • Posterior interventricular artery (right posterior descending artery)
22
Q

What emerges from the pulmonary trunk?

A

Left and right pulmonary artery

23
Q

What are the coronary veins?

A

Return deoxygenated blood from the myocardium back to the right atrium

24
Q

What do the vast majority of coronary veins drain into?

A

Coronary sinus which then empties deoxy blood into the right atrium

25
Q

What are plexuses?

A

A network of nerves or vessels in the body –> nerves give branches that intermingle together to form a plexus of nerves

26
Q

What are the plexuses in the thorax supplied with fibres from?

A
  • Branches from sympathetic chain
  • Branches from vagus nerve
27
Q

Where does vagus nerve descend from?

A

Brainstem and continues posterior to root of lung

28
Q

Why are plexuses ‘autonomic’?

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic input

29
Q

What provides sympathetic imput to plexuses?

A

Sympathetic chain

30
Q

What provides parasympathetic input to plexuses?

A

Vagus nerve

31
Q

What are the right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves?

A

Branch of the vagus nerve that supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx (with exception of cricothyroid muscles)

32
Q

Where does the left recurrent laryngeal nerve pass?

A

Underneath the arch of the aorta to ascend and supply the larynx

33
Q

Where does the right recurrent laryngeal nerve pass?

A

No aortic arch so vagus fgives off recurrent laryngeal which loops underneath the brachiocephalic artery which then ascends towards the larynx

34
Q

Diagram of nerves

A
35
Q

Where is the root of the lung?

A

Located at the hilum of each lung, just above the middle of the mediastinal surface and behind the cardiac impression of the lung. It is nearer to the back (posterior border) than the front (anterior border). The root of the lung is connected by the structures that form it to the heart and the trachea

36
Q

Where does vagus nerve pass in relation to root of lung?

A

Posterior

37
Q

Where does phrenic nerve pass in relation to root of lung?

A

Anterior

38
Q

What do dilations in sympathetic chain contain?

A

Cell bodies of nerves

39
Q

What are the 3 major branches from the arch of the aorta?

A
  1. Branchiocephalic trunk (artery)
  2. Left common carotid artery
  3. Left subclavian artery
40
Q

What does brachiocephalic trunk/artery then branch into?

A

Right common carotid artery and right subclavian artery

41
Q

What is the interal thoracic artery a branch of?

A

Subclavian artery

42
Q

What is the azygos vein?

A

Vein running up the right side of the thoracic vertebral column draining itself towards the superior vena cava. It connects the systems of superior vena cava and inferior vena cava and can provide an alternative path for blood to the right atrium when either of the venae cavae is blocked

Transports deoxygenated blood from the posterior walls of the thorax and abdomen into the superior vena cava vein.

43
Q

What does azygos system drain?

A

Thoracic cage/wall

44
Q

Where does azygos vein pass in relation to root of lung?

A

Loops over root of lung

yr 2 - cardiology system (25 decks)

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