Anatomy - Genitourinary System Flashcards
Kidneys are located in ____ space on the posterior abdominal wall.
Retroperitoneal
Name the 7 structure each kidney contains
Hilum, Renal pelvis, Major and minor calyces, renal capsule, renal cortex, renal medulla
Where is the superior pull located?
deep to the 11th and 12th ribs
Where is the inferior pull located?
A finger higher than the superior iliac crest
Which kidney is lower? Why?
Right kidney. Because of the liver’s large right lobe
Where/how far does the kidneymove when inspiring?
Both move down 2-3 cm
Where is the hilum of the kidney located?
On the medial border
The hilum of the kidney is the entrace into the ____
renal sinus
List the 6 structures in the renal sinus from anterior to posterior
Renal vein Renal artery (2 branches) Ureter Lymph vessels Sympathetic nerve fiber
How many branches of the renal artery are there in the renal sinus?
2 branches
List the 4 coverings of the kidney from innermost to outermost
Fibrous Capsule - innermost
Perirenal fat
Renal fascia
Pararenal fat - outermost
Surrounds kidney & closely applied to surface
Fibrous Capsule
Covers the fibrous capsule, surrounds kidney and vessels
Perirenal fat
Collection of connective tissue
Encloses kidneys and suprarenal glands
Renal fascia
Which covering of the kidney is the largest?
Pararenal fat
Where is Pararenal fat found?
Only found in posterior/posteriolateral regions. It is not found on the medial region
What is found posterior to the kidneys?
Extraperitoneal fat of the lumar region
Name the 5 internal structure of the kidney
Renal Cortex
Renal Medulla
Minor /Mjr calyces (minor come together to make major)
Renal pelvis
What is the renal cortex?
Cortex is the interior covering. It has noticable columns (renal columns)
What is the renal medulla?
Pyramid-looking part. Starts out wide against the cortex, and ends narrower at the minor calyces
What are minor & calyces?
Each renal medulla pyramid narrows and ends at its own minor calyce. The minor calyces all join together toward the middle of the kidney to form the major calyx.
What is the renal pelvis?
Toward the middle of the body, a part of the major calyx where structures empty into it
Where does the renal artery branch from?
Aorta
What are all of the branches of the renal artery?
Divides into 5 segmental arteries-> lobar arteries -> 2-3 interlobar arteries -> arcuate arteries-> interlobular arteries
The renal artery divides into:
5 segmental arteries
The 5 segmental arteries do/become what?
They actually enter the kidney and are now called the 5 Lobar arteries
Each Lobar artery becomes
2-3 interlobar arteries
What do interlobar arateries do?
Run down renal columns of the renal cortex.
Where does the arcuate artery run? What does it become?
Near the top of the kidney. It becomes interlobular arteries
Which renal artery is longer? Why?
Right renal artery. Due to the aorta being measurably closer to the left kidney
Each renal vein connects to __. What’s different about each renal vein though?
IVC. The Left renal vein is a longer length (position of the IVC), It receives the L suprarenal vein and L gonadal vein. The right renal vein does not receive these right veins
Suprarenal =
Adrenal glands
What are the 3 arteries to the Suprarenal glands? Where does each branch from?
- Superior suprarenal artery - from Superior phrenic artery (branches off aorta right above celiac trunk, runs lateral (Superior suprarenal arteries branch), then runs up
- Middle suprarenal artery - from the aorta
- Inferior suprarenal artery - from the right renal artery (that comes off the aorta)
What innervates the kidney? Where does it come from? What does it do?
Renal nerve plexus. Arises from splanchnic nerves. Mainly sympathetic stimulation.
3 constrictions of the ureters?
Renal pelvis meets the ureter
At the pelvic brim
(At the bifurcation of the common iliac arteries)
At junction with the bladder
Arterial supply of the proximal ureter
renal artery
Arterial supply of the middle ureter
Ovarian/testicular artery
Arterial supply of the distal ureter
Superior vesical artery (branch off common iliac arteries)
What innervates nerve plexuses?
Renal & hypogastric nerve plexus. ANS
What does a stone do?
increases lumen size.
Renal cholera causes pain where?
T10-L2
This deck is incomplete
Complete it, slide 17 or so and on
