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ANATOMY > Anatomy - Gastrointestinal Viscera > Flashcards

Anatomy - Gastrointestinal Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of GERD

A
  1. LES dysfunction (relaxation or weakness)

2. Hiatal hernia (reflux of stomach contents)

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2
Q

Herniation of stomach through the esophageal hiatus into the thoracic cavity

A

Hiatal/ Esophageal hernia

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3
Q

Treatment of Esophageal Hernia

A
  1. Management of GERD symptoms

2. Fundoplication

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4
Q

Parts of the Stomach (in sequence of location)

A
  1. Cardia
  2. Fundus
  3. Body
  4. Pylorus
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5
Q

Most common location of gastric ulcer

A

Pyloric Region of the stomach

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6
Q

Most common location of duodenal ulcer

A

First part of the duodenum

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7
Q

Widest part of the small intestine

A

Duodenum

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8
Q

Duodenum is retroperitoneal except…

A

First part

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9
Q

First part of the duodenum

A

Superior part

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10
Q

Second part of the duodenum

A

Descending part

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11
Q

Third part of the duodenum

A

Transverse part

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12
Q

Fourth part of the duodenum

A

Ascending part

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13
Q

Type of IBD usually occurring in the ileum

A

Crohn disease

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14
Q

Ducts draining in the major duodenal papilla

A
  1. Common Bile duct

2. Pancreatic duct

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15
Q

Mobile portion of the duodenum

A

First part of the duodenum

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16
Q

Type of IBD usually occurring in the colon and rectum

A

Ulcerative Colitis

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17
Q

Structure connecting the first part of the duodenum to the liver

A

Hepatoduodenal Ligament

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18
Q

A thin muscle connecting the junction between the duodenum, jejunum, and duodenojejunal flexure to connective tissue surrounding the superior mesenteric artery and coeliac artery

A

Suspensory Ligament of Treitz

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19
Q

Duodenal Cap

A

First part of the duodenum

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20
Q

Immune reaction to eating gluten, causing inflammation that damages the lining of the small intestine

A

Celiac disease

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21
Q

Longest part of the duodenum

A

Third part of the duodenum

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22
Q

Opening in D2 where common bile duct and pancreatic duct drains

A

Major duodenal papilla

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23
Q

Plicae Circularis (part of the small intestine)

A

Jejunum and Ileum

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24
Q

Anatomic landmark between the Upper and Lower GI

A

Suspensory Ligament of Treitz

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25
Q

Peyer’s Patches (part of the small intestine)

A

Ileum

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26
Q

Opening in D2 where accessory pancreatic duct drains

A

Minor duodenal papilla

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27
Q

Peritoneal fold between the ileum and cecum

A

Ileocecal Fold

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28
Q

State the Meckel’s Diverticulum Rule of 2’s

A 
Occurs in 2% of the population
Within 2 feet from the ileocecal valve
2x as common in males
2 inches long
Presents in the first 2 decades of life
More common in the first 2 years
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29
Q

Ileocecal Fold (eponym)

A

bloodless fold of Treves

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30
Q

Meckels Diverticulum represents the persistent portion of this embryonic yolk stalk

A

Vitelline or Omphalomesenteric Duct

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31
Q

Blood supply of the ascending and transverse colon

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

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32
Q

Innervation of the descending and sigmoid colon

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerves

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33
Q

Colonic parts that are retroperitoneal

A

Ascending and Descending Colon

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34
Q

Blood supply of the descending and sigmoid colon

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

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35
Q

Colonic parts that are surrounded by peritoneum

A

Transverse and Sigmoid Colon

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36
Q

Common location of diverticulitis

A

Sigmoid Colon (kaya usually presents as left lower quadrant pain)

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37
Q

Innervation of the ascending and transverse colon

A

Vagus nerve

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38
Q

Twisting of the sigmoid colon around its mesentery

A

Sigmoid Volvulus

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39
Q

Absence of the enteric ganglia (cell bodies of the parasympathetic postganglionic fibers) leading to dilation of the colonic segment proximal to the lesion

A

Hirschsprung Disease/Megacolon

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40
Q

Blind end pouch of the large intestine

A

Cecum

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41
Q

Megacolon

A

Hirschsprung Disease

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42
Q

Treatment for Hirschsprung Disease

A

Colostomy

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43
Q

Suspension of the appendix to the terminal ileum

A

Messoapendix

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44
Q

Coffee Bean sign on xray

A

Sigmoid volvulus

45
Q

Embryogenic pathogenesis of Hirschsprung Disease

A

Failure of the neural crest cells to migrate and from the myenteric plexus

46
Q

Anatomic definition of McBurney’s Point

A

Junction of the lateral 1/3 imaginary line drawn from the Right ASIS to the umbilicus

47
Q

Lining of the primitive gut which gives rise to the epithelial lining and glands of the gut tube mucosa

48
Q

Covering of the primitive gut which gives rise to the smooth muscles and submucosa of the tube

A

Splanchnic mesoderm

49
Q

Communication/opening of the primitive gut tube to the yolk sac

A

Vitelline Duct

50
Q

Foregut Derivatives

A
  1. From the esophagus to the upper duodenum (D2)
  2. Liver
  3. Pancreas
  4. Gallbladder
51
Q

Derivatives of the hepatic diverticulum of the primitive liver

A

Liver Parenchyma

52
Q

Primitive liver is hematopoietic at what week?

53
Q

Mesodermal mass between the developing pericardial and peritoneal cavities where the hepatic diverticulum growns into

A

Septum transversum

54
Q

Derivatives of the septum transversum of the primitive liver

A

Kupffer cells, HSC, Central tendo of the diaphragm

55
Q

Blood supply of the foregut derivatives

A

Celiac Artery

56
Q

The primitive liver starts to secrete bile at what week?

57
Q

Derivatives of the dorsal pancreatic bud

A

Head, Body and Tail

58
Q

Derivatives of the ventral pancreatic bud

A

Head and Uncinate Process

59
Q

Formed from the fusiform dilatation (week 4) of the foregut which rotates 90 degrees clockwise during development

60
Q

Junction of the foregut and midgut

A

Opening of the common bile duct

61
Q

Occurs when the ventral and dorsal pancreatic buds form a ring around the duodenum, thereby obstructing it

A

Annular Pancreas

62
Q

Direction of the rotation of the primitive stomach during early development

A

90 degrees clockwise

63
Q

Blood supply of the hindgut derivatives

A

Inferior mesenteric artery

64
Q

Midgut Derivatives

A
  1. from the lower duodenum to the proxmial 2/3 of Transverse Colon
  2. Cecum
  3. Appendix
65
Q

Cranial Limb of the Midgut Loop derivatives

A

Jejunum and proximal ileum

66
Q

Blood supply of the midgut derivatives

A

Superior mesenteric artery

67
Q

Caudal Limb of the Midgut Loop derivatives

A

Distal ileum, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of the transverse colon, cecum, appendix

68
Q

Direction of the rotation of the midgut loop during early development

A

270 degrees counterclockwise

69
Q

Cranial End of the Hindgut derivatives

A

Distal 1/3 of the transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon

70
Q

Caudal End of the Hindgut derivatives

A

Joins with the allantois to from the Cloaca

71
Q

Divides the cloaca into rectum and anal canal dorsally and urogenital sinus ventrally

A

Urorectal septum

72
Q

Invagination of the ectoderm of the terminal part of the hindgut which gives rise to the lower anal canal and urogenital external orifice

A

Proctoderm

73
Q

Ventral Mesentery

A
  1. Lesser Omentum
  2. Falciform Ligament
  3. Coronary Ligament
  4. Triangular Ligament

For the dorsal = the rest haha

74
Q

Three main arteries of the Gut

A
  1. Celiac Trunk
  2. Superior Mesenteric Artery
  3. Inferior Mesenteric Artery
75
Q

Main branches of the Celiac Trunk (3)

A
  1. Left Gastric Artery
  2. Splenic Artery
  3. Common Hepatic Artery
76
Q

Smallest branch of the celiac trunk

A

Left Gastric Artery

77
Q

Runs upward and to the left towards the cardia, giving rise to esophageal and hepatic branches then runs along the lesser curvature of the stomach; anastomoses with its right counterpart

A

Left Gastric Artery

78
Q

Largest branch of the celiac trunk

A

Splenic Artery

79
Q

Branches of the Splenic Artery (3)

A
  1. Short Gastric Artery –> supplies the fundus
  2. Dorsal Pancreatic Artery
  3. Left gastroepiploic artery
80
Q

Reaches the greater omentum through the splenogastric ligament and runs along the greater curvature of the stomach to supply the stomach and greater omentum; anastomoses with its right counterpart

A

Left gastroepiploic artery

81
Q

Branches of the Common hepatic artery

A
  1. Right gastric Artery
  2. Proper Hepatic Artery
  3. Gastroduodenal Artery
82
Q

Immediate supply of the cystic artery

A

Right hepatic artery

83
Q

Temporary cross-clamping of the hepatoduodenal ligament containing the portal triad at the foramen of Winslow to control hepatic bleeding during liver surgery

A

Pringle Maneuver

84
Q

Runs to the pylorus and along the lesser curvature of the stomach and anastomoses with its left counterpart

A

Right Gastric Artery

85
Q

Runs to the left along the greater curvature of the stomach supplying the stomach and greater omentum and anastomosing with its left counterpart

A

Right gastroepiploic/gastro-omental artery

86
Q

Branches of the gastroduodenal artery

A
  1. Right gastroepiploic/gastro-omental artery

2. Superior pancreaticoduodenal artery

87
Q

Branches of the SMA

A
  1. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery
  2. Middle colic artery
  3. Right colic artery
  4. Ileocolic artery
  5. Intestinal artery
88
Q

Blood supply to the transverse mesocolon

A

Middle Colic artery

89
Q

Blood supply to the ascending colon

A

Right Colic Artery

90
Q

Blood supply to the appendix

A

Appendicular artery from the ileocolic artery

91
Q

Blood supply to the cecum

A

Ascending and descending cecal arteries from the ileocolic artery

92
Q

Anastomosis of the right portion of the middle colic artery

A

Ascending branch of the right colic artery

93
Q

Anastomosis of the left portion of the middle colic artery

A

Ascending branch of the left colic artery

94
Q

Blood supply to the jejunum and ileum

A

Intestinal arteries

95
Q

Branches of the IMA

A
  1. Left Colic artery
  2. Sigmoid Artery
  3. Superior rectal artery
96
Q

Blood supply to the descending colon

A

Left colic artery

97
Q

Blood supply to the sigmoid

A

Sigmoid artery

98
Q

Termination of the IMA

A

Superior rectal artery

99
Q

Formed by the union of the splenic vein and superior mesenteric vein posterior to the neck of the pancrease

A

Portal Vein

100
Q

Crosses the third part of the duodenum and the uncinate process of the pancreas and terminates posterior to the neck of the pancrease by joining with the splenic vein

A

Superior mesenteric vein

101
Q

Union of the superior rectal vein and sigmoid vein then receives the left colic vein and eventually drains into the splenic vein

A

Inferior mesenteric vein

102
Q

Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the left gastric veins and esophageal veins of the azygos system

A

Esophageal varices

103
Q

Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the superior rectal vein and inferior and middle rectal veins

A

Rectal varices/hemorrhoids

104
Q

Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the paraumbilical veins and epigastric veins

A

Caput medusae

105
Q

Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the inferior mesenteric vein tributaries and retroperitoneal veins (renal, suprarenal and gonadal)

A

Dilated retroperitoneal veins

106
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the left gastric veins and esophageal veins of the azygos system

107
Q

Rectal varices/hemorrhoids

A

Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the superior rectal vein and inferior and middle rectal veins

108
Q

Caput medusae

A

Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the paraumbilical veins and epigastric veins

109
Q

Dilated retroperitoneal veins

A

Clinical finding of portal hypertension between the inferior mesenteric vein tributaries and retroperitoneal veins (renal, suprarenal and gonadal)

ANATOMY (4 decks)

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