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ANATOMY > Abdomen - Anterior Abdominal Wall > Flashcards

Abdomen - Anterior Abdominal Wall Flashcards

1
Q

Layers of the Abdominal Wall

A

Skin -> Camper fascia -> Scarpa Fascia -> Anterior Superficial investing layer -> External Oblique -> Posterior SIF -> Anterior Intermediate Investing Fascia -> Internal Oblique -> Posterior IIF -> Anterior Deep Investing fascia -> Transversus Abdominis -> Posterior DIF -> Endoabdominal/Transversalis fascia -> Extraperitoneal fat -> Parietal Peritoneum

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2
Q

Attachment of the Scarpa fascia below the inguinal ligament

A

Fascia Lata

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3
Q

Superficial fascia of the perineum

A

Colles Fascia

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4
Q

Continuation of the Deep Fascia over the spermatic cord at the superficial inguinal ring

A

External Spermatic Fascia

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5
Q

Tendinous median raphe between the two rectus abdominis muscle

A

Linea Alba

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6
Q

Fusion of aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis

A

Linea Alba

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7
Q

Curved line along the lateral border of rectus abdominis muscle

A

Linea Semilunaris

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8
Q

Crescent-shaped line marking the inferior limit of the rectus sheath just below the iliac crest

A

Arcuate Line

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9
Q

Another name for the arcuate line

A

Linea Semicircularis

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10
Q

Medial triangular expansion of the inguinal ligament to the pectineal line of the pubis

A

Lacunar Ligament/Gimbernat Ligament

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11
Q

Lacunar Ligament (eponym)

A

Gimbernat Ligament

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12
Q

Medial border of the femoral ring and floor of the inguinal canal

A

Lacunar ligament

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13
Q

Pectineal ligament (eponym)

A

Cooper Ligament

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14
Q

Inguinal ligament (eponym)

A

Poupart Ligament

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15
Q

Lateral extension of the lacunar ligament along the pectineal line of the pubus

A

Pectineal Ligament

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16
Q

Lower border of the aponeurosis of the external oblique that extends from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle

A

Inguinal Ligament

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17
Q

Inferior wall/floor of the inguinal canal

A

Inguinal Ligament

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18
Q

Fascial partition separating the muscular (lateral) and vascular (medial) lacunae deep to the inguinal ligament

A

Ileopectineal ligament

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19
Q

Structure transmitted by the muscular lacunae

A

Iliopsoas muscle

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20
Q

Structure transmitted by the vascular lacunae

A

Femoral sheath (Femoral vessels, femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve, femoral canal)

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21
Q

Formed by the aponeurosis of the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscle inserting ito the pubic tubercle and crest

A

Conjoint tendon

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22
Q

Conjoint tendon (eponym)

A

Falx iguinalis

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23
Q

Fusion of the aponeurosis of the external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles of the abdomen

A

Rectus Sheath

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24
Q

Component of the Anterior Layer of Rectus Sheath above the Arcuate Line

A

Aponeurosis of External Oblique and Internal Oblique

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25
Q

Component of the Anterior Layer of Rectus Sheath below the Arcuate Line

A

Aponeurosis of the External Oblique, Internal Oblique and Transversus abdominis muscle

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26
Q

Component of the Posterior Layer of Rectus Sheath above the Arcuate Line

A

Aponeurosis of the Internal Oblique and Transversus abdominis muscle

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27
Q

Component of the Posterior Layer of Rectus Sheath below the Arcuate Line

A

ABSENT!!!! Rectus Sheath is in contact with the transversalis fascia

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28
Q

Inguinal Triangle is also called

A

Hesselbach’s Triangle

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29
Q

Medial border of the inguinal triangle

A

Linea semicircularis

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30
Q

Lateral border of the inguinal triangle

A

Inferior epigastric vessels

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31
Q

Inferior border of the inguinal triangle

A

Inguinal Ligament

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32
Q

Type of hernia protruding through the inguinal triangle

A

Direct Inguinal Hernia

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33
Q

Triangular opening in the aponeurosis of the external oblique lateral to the pubic tubercle

A

Superficial/External Inguinal Ring

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34
Q

Exit of the inguinal canal

A

Superficial/External Inguinal Ring

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35
Q

Opening in the transversalis fascia lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

Deep/Internal Inguinal Ring

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36
Q

Entrance to the inguinal canal

A

Deep/Internal Inguinal Ring

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37
Q

Begins at the deep inguinal ring and terminates at the superficial ring

A

Inguinal Canal

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38
Q

Structures transmitted by the Inguinal Canal

A
  1. Spermatic Cord in Males
  2. Round Ligament in Females
  3. Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve
39
Q

Type of hernia passing through the inguinal canal

A

Indirect Inguinal Hernia

40
Q

Anterior Wall of the Inguinal Canal

A

External Oblique aponeurosis reinforced laterally by internal oblique fibers

41
Q

Posterior Wall of the Inguinal Canal

A

Aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis and transversalis fascia reinforced medially by the conjoing tendon

42
Q

Superior Wall/Roof of the Inguinal Canal

A

Arching fibers of the Internal Oblique and transverse muscles

43
Q

Inferior Wall of the Inguinal Canal

A

Inguinal and Lacunar ligaments

44
Q

Contents of this hernia can be returned to their normal position

A

Reducible Hernia

45
Q

Irreducible hernia in which the contents of the hernial sac are entrapped or stuck in the groin

A

Incarcerated Hernia

46
Q

Irreducible hernia in which the intestine becomes tightly trapped or twisted, compromising circulation leading to gangrene

A

Strangulated Hernia

47
Q

Hernia lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

48
Q

Hernia medial to the inferior epigastric vessels

A

Direct inguinal hernia

49
Q

Indirect Inguinal hernia origin

A

Persistence of processus vaginalis

50
Q

Direct inguinal hernia origin

A

Acquired (after birth)

51
Q

Components of the spermatic cord

A
  1. Ductus deferens
  2. Testicular, cremasteric and deferential arteries
  3. Pampiniform plexus of testicular vein, Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve, Cremasteric nerve, testicular sympathetic plexus
  4. Lymph vessels
52
Q

Origin of the external spermatic fascia

A

External Oblique aponeurosis

53
Q

Origin of the cremasteric fascia

A

Internal oblique muscle

54
Q

Origin of the internal spermatic fascia

A

Transversalis Fascia

55
Q

Peritoneal diverticulum evaginating into the developing scrotum forming the visceral and parietal layers of the tunica vaginalis

A

Processus vaginalis

56
Q

Accumulation of fluid in the processus vaginalis

A

Hydrocele Processus vaginalis

57
Q

Innermost layer of the scrotum

A

Tunica vaginalis

58
Q

Fetal ligament connecting the bottom of fetal testis to the developing scrotum

A

Gubernaculum testis

59
Q

Homologues of the gubernaculum testis

A

Ovarian Ligamant

Round ligament of the testis

60
Q

Function of gubernaculum testis

A

Testicular descent (pulls the testis down into the scrotum)

61
Q

Fascia of the Scrotum

A

Dartos Fascia

62
Q

Innervation of the Scrotum

A
  1. Genital branch of Genitofemoral nerve
  2. Ilioinguinal Nerve
  3. Perineal Nerve
  4. Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve
63
Q

Blood Supply of the scrotum

A
  1. Anterior scrotal branches of the External Pudendal Artery

2. Posterior scrotal branches of the Internal Pudendal Artery

64
Q

Lymph drainage of the Scrotum

A

Superficial Inguinal nodes

65
Q

Obliterated urachus

A

Medial umbilical ligament/fold

66
Q

Obliterated umbilical artery

A

Median umbilical ligament/fold

67
Q

Fold of peritineum that covers the inferior epigastric vessels

A

Lateral umbilical ligament

68
Q

Depression between the median and medial umbilical fold

A

Supravesical fossa

69
Q

Depression between the medial and lateral umbilical fold

A

Medial inguinal fossa

70
Q

Depression lateral to the lateral umbilical fold

A

Laterial inguinal fossa

71
Q

Fossa where most direct inguinal hernias occur

A

Medial Inguinal fossa

72
Q

Fascia of the entire abdominopelvic cavity between the parietal peritoneum and the inner surface of the abdominal muscles

A

Transversalis Fascia

73
Q

Subcostal nerve lateral cutaneous branch innervation

A

Skin on the side of the hip

74
Q

Arises from the first lumbar nerve innervating the internal oblique and transversus abdominis

A

Iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerve

75
Q

Iliohypogastric - lateral cutaneous branch innervates

A

Skin on the LATERAL side of the bHuttocks

76
Q

Iliohypogastric - anterior cutaneous branch innervates

A

Skin ABOVE the pHubis

77
Q

Ilioinguinal - femoral branch innervates

A

Upper and Medial parts of anterior thigh

78
Q

Ilioinguinal - anterior scrotal nerve innervates

A
  1. Skin of the root of penis/ mons pubis

2. Anterior part of scrotum/ labia majora

79
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the region ABOVE the Umbilicus

A

Axillary lymph nodes

80
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the region BELOW the Umbilicus

A

Superficial Inguinal nodes

81
Q

Drawing up of the testis by contraction of the cremaster muscle when the skin on the upper medial side of the thigh is stroked

A

Cremasteric Reflex

82
Q

Efferent limb of the cremasteric reflex arc

A

GENITAL branch of genitofermoal nerve (G -> galaw for motor)

83
Q

Afferent limb of the cremasteric reflex arc

A

FEMORAL branch of the genitofemoral nerve (F - feels for sensory)

84
Q

Branch of the internal thoracic artery supplying the upper central part of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Superior Epigastric Artery

85
Q

Branch of the external iliac artery supplying the central and lower part of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Inferior Epigastric Artery

86
Q

Give rise to the cremasteric artery accompanying the spermatic cord

A

Inferior Epigastric Artery

87
Q

Branch of the external iliac artery running laterally with the inguinal ligament supplying the lateral margin of the anterior abdominal wall

A

Deep Circumflex Artery

88
Q

Anterior branch of the deep circumflex artery anastomoses with the

A

Musculophrenic artery

89
Q

Branch of the femoral artery running superior toward the umbilicus over the inguinal ligament

It also anastomoses with the inferior epigastric artery

A

Superficial epigastric artery

90
Q

Branch of the femoral artery running laterally upward parallel to the inguinal ligament

It also anastomoses with the the deep circumflex and lateral femoral circumflex arteries

A

Superficial circumflex iliac artery

91
Q

Branch of the femoral artery running medially to supply the skin above the pubis

A

Superficial pudendal artery

92
Q

Longitudinal venous connections between the lateral and thoracic veins and the superficial epigastric vein

A

Thoracoepigastric veins

93
Q

Collateral route for venous return if caval or portal obstruction occurs

A

Thoracoepigastric veins

ANATOMY (4 decks)

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