Anatomy Forelimb Flashcards
Describe the biceps brachialis, location, origin, insertion and function ?
Location = front of humerus
Origin = Scapular supraglenoid tubercle
Insertion = dorso medial tuberosity
Function = flexion of the elbow
Describe the knee joint?
Carpal joint or knee is a hinge joint acting in flexion and extension
May also act in abduction and adduction in carnivores.
Radiocarpal joint
Synovial 1 large
Recessus 1 above carpal bone
Mediocarpal bone
Synovial 1 very large which can communicate with the carpometacarpal joint.
recessus = no
Carpometacarpal joint
Synovial one large
Recessus = no
Intercarpal joints
No synovial fluid or recessus
The joint is strengthened by the collateral and intercarpal ligaments.
Identify the muscles 2,3, 5,6 and 7?
2 = M. Sternocephalicus
3= M. Brachiocephalicus
5 = Superficial descending M. Pectoralis
6 = Superficial Transverse M. Pectoralis
7 = Deep Pectoral
Define the bony surfaces in contact, type of joint, movement, ligaments, synovial, recessus and bursa of the below joint?
Scapulohumeral joint
This is a spheroid which is functionally a freely moveable joint. In domestic species this movement is restricted flexion and extension due to muscle connections between the joint and trunk of the animal.
Connection between
head of the humerus and glenoid cavity of the scapular.
synovial = 1
bursa = 1
recessus = 1
Glenohumeral ligament and transverse ligament.
Ulnar. N function
Inervates the flexors of the carpus and digits.
N. Medianus function ?
Innervates the flexors of the carpus and digits.
Locate the Serratus ventralis muscle,
Provide the point of origin, insertion and the muscle’s function?
Location = 6
Origin = cervical transverse process and the lateral side of the ribs.
Insertion = The medial side of the scapular
Function = If the fixed point is the vertebrae it pulls the the dorsal part of the scapular cranially and pushes the shoulder joint back.
Flexes the neck laterally.
The main role is to support the trunk between the two forelimbs.
Teres major location, origin, insertion and function.
Location = 2
Origin = Scapular caudoproximal border
Insertion = Humeral teres major tuberosity
Function = Flexion of the shoulder
Identify the M. Splenius,
Provide its origin, insertion and function ?
Location = 9
Origin = on mastoid process and atlas wing
Insertion = nuchal ligament, thoracic spinous processes
Function = Extend head when bothe muscles act together, extends and rotates head if only one muscle acts.
Describe the Humeroradioulnar joint
Elbow Humeroradioulnar joint
Compound hinge joint
Humeral condyle - head of radius
Anconeal process of ulna - olecranon fossa of the humerus
trochlear notch of ulnma - humeral condyle
1 = synovial (large enclosing three articular parts)
Recessus = 1 dorsal, 1 caudal, 1 medial and 1 lateral
N. musculocutaneus function
Innervates the flexes of the elbow,
cutaneous innervation of the dorsolateral brachium.
Function N. radialis
Innervates the extensors of the elbow, carpus and digits.
Function Axillary nerve.
Innervates the flexors (Teres major muscle )
Name the scapular bone land marks (horse)
Scapular cartilage
supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
spine of scapular
glenoid cavity
supraglenoid tubercle
serratus surface
subscapular fossa
Identify the suprasspinatus muscle, its origin, insertion and function?
Location
Origin = supraspinous fossa of the scapular
Insertion = Top two tubercles of the humerus (greater, lesser)
except carnivores only the greater turbercle
Function = stabileses the joint laterally and extends the shoulder
Describe the location, origin, insertion and function of the triceps?
Location = 6
long head, lateral head, and medial head.
Origin = caudal side of scapular
Insertion = olecranon of the ulna
Function = to extend the elbow.
Identify the muscles A to F on the diagram below?
A = Descending M. Pectoralis
B = Deep Pectoralis
C = M. Brachiocephalicus
D = Omotranversarius
E = Trapezius M. (cervical and thoracic parts).
F - Latissimus Dorsi
What is an intrinsic muscle of the forelimb?
Amuscle originating from a bone in the forelimb and inserting on a bone in the forelimb.
Identify the Trapezius muscle,
explain its function provide its point of origin and insertion ?
Location E = Cervical and Thoracic parts
Origin = nuchal ligament ( cervical part), and supraspinous ligament (thoracic part).
Insertion = On the scapular spine.
Function = Abducts the scapula, and pulls it up.
Infraspinatus muscle, location, orgin, insertion and function?
Location = under the deltoid
Origin = Infraspinous fossa
Insertion = Humeral greater turbercle and humeral convex surface
Function joint stabilisation laterally, and abducts + externally rotates the arm
Deltoid location, origin, insertion and function?
Location = above the infraspinatus muscle
split into pars scapularis and pars acromialis
Origin = distal scapular spine or acromion
Insertion = humeral deltoid tuberosity
Function = Felexes the should and abducts and externally rotates the arm.
Identify the Omotransversarius
Define it function, origin and insertion?
Location = D
Origin = Atlas (dogs), axis (horses and ruminants)
Insertion = To the scapular spine
Function = If the fixed point is the neck, it pulls the scapular cranially and extends the forelimb. If the fixed point is the scapular it pulls the neck dorsoventrally. If the two muscles act together the neck is pulled back between the scapula.
Identify the Rhomboideus muscle,
Privide its point of origin, insertion and describe the function?
Location = 7
Origin = nuchial crest
Insertion = dorsal side of the scapular
Function Pulls the scapular up and forward, or if the fixed point is the scapular it pulls the nuchial ligament.
Describe the location, origin, insertion and function of the Coracobrachialis ?
Location = 10
Origin = coracoid process of the scapular
Insertion = medial side of the humerus
Function = acts to stabilise the shoulder, adducts and internally rotates the arm.
Identify the Latissimus Dorsi,
Describe its function, origin and insertion?
Location = F
Origin = Supraspinous ligament and spinous process of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae.
Insertion = Teres major tuberosity
Function = Antagonistic of the brachiocephalicus, pulls the brachium back.
Describe the subscapularis location, origin, insertion and function?
Location = 9
Origin = Subscapular fossa
Insertion = Humeral lesser tubercle
Function = Stabilises the joint and adducts and internally rotates the arm.
Describe the location of the three different pectorial muscles, and name them?
Then describe their function, origin and insertion?
Location as seen in image.
Superficial Pectorals
Descending M. Pectorals
Origin = Sternal manubrium
Insertion = deltoid tuberosity and humeral crest.
Function = Pulls the forelimb cranually, and adducts the brachium.
Transverse M. Pectorals
Origin = Sternal carina
Insertion = humeral crest
Function = Pulls the forelimb cranially and adducts the brachium.
Deep M. Pectoral
Origin = caudal half of sternum
Insertion = dog (minor humeral tubercle), medial lip of the interbubercular groove.
Function Adducts and internally rotates the limb.
What is an extrinsic muscle of the forelimb?
The extrinsic muscles of the forelimb,
which have an attachment to the bones of the limb and an attachment to the trunk,
are responsible for suspending the trunk between the forelimbs and for moving the forelimbs relative to the trunk.
Identify the Brachiocephalicus muscle,
and its function, origin and insertion?
Location = C
Origin = Mastoid process
Insertion = Humeral crest
Function =
If the fixed point is the forelimb it acts to flex the head and neck. If only one of the muscles function the neck also rotates to the side of the functioning muscle.
If the fixed point is the head it acts to move the forelimb (humerus) forwards.
Note how bones interconnect, and land marks of humerus and scapular ?
Describe the three different types of bone marrow ?
Red bone marrow = hematogenic and osteogenic persisting within the adult axial skeleton.
Yellow bone marrow = not hematogenic, rich in fat cells
Grey bone marrow = not hematogenic, litle fat often in older skinnier subjects.
