Anatomy final part 2

Question 1

Upper respirsatory

Answer 1

Nose

Question 2

Nasal Cavity

Answer 2

1. Lined with Respiratory mucosa
   a. Contains large nose hairs called Vibrissae (help trap particles and keep them out of your lungs)
   b. Vibrissae are lined with mucus that help entrap large particles
   c. Preventing them from getting too deep into the lower respiratory
   tract
   d. Smaller particles are entrapped by the nasal mucosa within the
   nasal cavity
   e. Most are moved down toward the throat by the beating cilia of
   the mucosa layer and swallowed (

Question 3

Paranasal Sinuses

Answer 3

1. Ethmoid
2. Sphenoid
3. Frontal
4. Maxillary
5. Functions
   a. Decreases the weight of the skull
   b. Increases voice resonance
   c. Insulates eyes and dental roots from extreme temperature
   fluctuations
   d. Warms and humidifies the air that is inhaled

Question 4

Pharynx (Throat)

Answer 4

1. Five inches long
2. Divided up into three regions a. Nasopharynx
   b. Oropharynx
   c. Laryngopharynx
   i. Contains the tonsils
3. Tonsils: masses of lymphoid tissue
   
   a. Adenoids: in the nasopharynx (snoring issues)
   b. Palatine: in the oropharynx (visible)

Question 5

Larynx (voice box)

Answer 5

1. Made up of several pieces of cartilage, the largest being the Thyroid
   cartilage “Adam’s apple”
2. Vocal cords: 2 fibrous bands that stretch across the larynx
   a. Glottis: the space in between the cords
   b. Epiglottis: cartilage flap which covers the glottis during
   swallowing and prevents food/liquid from entering the trachea

Question 6

Trachea (wind pipe)

Answer 6

1. 4.5 inches long

2. Made up of cartilaginous rings

Question 7

Lungs

Answer 7

1. Left lung has 2 lobes
2. Right lung has 3 lobes
   - Primary Bronchi: 2 left and right (cartilage)
   - Secondary Bronchi (cartilage)
   - Bronchioles: smooth muscle
   - Alveolar Sacs: made up of alveoli (which are the smallest functional units of respiration) simple squamous epithelial (really thin; very efficient) and very vascular for oxygen/carbon dioxide exchange

Question 8

Pleura

Answer 8

• The lining around the lungs (for protection)
• Lubricates the lung during inhalation
• Two linings
  i. Parietal pleura
  ii. Visceral pleura

Question 9

Asthma

Answer 9

Etiology

1. Bronchospasm (smooth muscle of the bronchioles)

Question 10

Caused by

Answer 10

allergies, irritants, exercise, stress

Question 11

Treatment

Answer 11

1. Bronchodilator (inhaler)

2. Steroids (prednisone)

Question 12

Prognosis

Answer 12

1. 5,000­-6,000 deaths a year

Question 13

Characterized by

Answer 13

wheezing, coughing, and musical pipe rails (sound in lungs when breathing)