Anatomy final part 1 Flashcards
Heart chambers
-2 Atria (upper chamber): receiving
-2 Ventricles (lower chamber): discharging
~Myocardium- the muscular wall of each chambers of the heart (thin in the atria, thick in the ventricles)
-Endocardium- a thin layer of smooth tissue that lines the inside of each chamber (very slippery)
The pericardium
- visceral pericardium (epicardium): covvers the heart like apple skin on an apple
- Parietal pericardium: fits around the heart like a loose sac
Heart valves
- 2 Atrioventricular valves
a. Mitral valve (bicuspid valve) between left and right atrium and
ventricle
b. Tricuspid valve between right atrium and ventricle - 2 Semilunar valves
a. Pulmonary between right ventricle and pulmonary artery (to
lungs)
b. Aortic between the left ventricle and aorta (to the body)
Chordae Tendinae
tough fibrous bands that attch the valves to the myocardium
Sinoatrial Node (SA node)
“pacemaker”, located in right atrium
Bachmann’s Bundle
carries signal from SA node to left atrium
Atrioventricular node (AV node)
Carries signals from atria to ventricles
Purkinije fibers (R and L bundle branches)
continues signal through the ventricles
Myocardial (Heart Attack)
When a thrombus (blood clot), embolus (traveling blood clot), or atherosclerosis (plaque), clog up a coronary artery or one of its branches, no blood can get past
b. Myocardium supplied by this vessel will “starve” for oxygen and eventually die (ischemic necrosis)
Angioplasty:
a balloon catheter is placed into a blocked artery, inflated,
and a medicated stent (spring) is placed into the artery to prevent
collapse
Bypass Surgery:
a vein is “harvested” from the leg and “grafted” onto
the aorta and then into the blocked coronary artery (past the blockage)
Medication
Statin drugs for cholesterol reaction, blood thinners
coumadin
Diet and exercise
be healthy
Prognosis
depends on the heart attack
