Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Biology 181 > Anatomy Exam 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy Exam 3 Flashcards

Digestive System

1
Q

What is the alimentary canal also called as

A

Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the alimentary canal’s function

A

Digest food and absorb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the organs of the alimentary canal

A

mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the organs of the accessory digestive organs

A

teeth, tongue, gallbladder, salivary glands, liver, and pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is ingestion

A

Taking food into the digestive tract (eating)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is propulsion

A

Moves food through the alimentary canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 2 parts of propulsion

A

swallowing and peristalsis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is peristalsis and how does it move food down the GI tract

A

the major propulsion

Uses waves of contraction and relaxation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does the mechanical breakdown include

A

Includes chewing
mixing food with saliva
churning food
segmentation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the point of mechanical breakdown

A

increase surface area of ingested food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is digestion

A

Enzymes secreted into the lumen of the alimentary canal to break down complex food molecules into the chemical building blocks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is absorption

A

passage of digested end products from the lumen of the GI tract through the mucosal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is defectation

A

eliminates indigestible substances from the body via the anus in the form of feces.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What region does majority of the digestive system organ

A

Abdominopelvic cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2 layers of the peritoneum

A

Visceral (external surface of organs) and Parietal (lines body wall)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is the mesentery structured

A

Double Layer of peritoneum a sheet of two serous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is are the 3 functions of the mesentery

A

Provide routes for blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves to reach the digestive viscera
Hold organs in place
Store Fat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where is the mesentery attached

A

Dorsal portion of the abdominal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 4 basic layers of the alimentary canal

A

Mucosa
Submucosa
Muscularis externa
Serosa/ adventitia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the inter most layer

A

Muscosa/Mucous Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does the Mucosa/Mucous Membrane line

A

Mouth to Anus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the major functions of the muscosa

A

Secrete
Absorb
Protect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the mucosa secrete

A

Digestive enzymes and hormones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What does the mucosa absorb

A

End products of digestion into the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does the mucosa protect
Infectious disease
26
What are the sublayers of the mucosa starting inside then out
Epithelium Lamina propria Muscularis Mucosae
27
What kind of cells does the mucosa contain
Simple columnar epithelium everywhere besides mouth, esophagus and anus where they are stratified squamous
28
Lamina propria in mucosa contains what type of cells
Loose areolar connective tissue
29
What does the lamina propria in mucosa do for the mucosa
Due to the Capillaries it nourish the epithelium absorb digested nutrients Lymphoid follicles help defend against bacteria and other pathogens
30
What does the muscularis mucosae contain
Smooth muscle
31
What does the muscularis mucosae do
Produce local movement to enhance absorption and secretion
32
What does the submucosa contain
``` Rich blood supply Lymphatic Vessels Lymphoid Follicles Nerve Fiber Elastic fibers ```
33
What does the muscularis externa do
Responsible for segmentation and peristalsis
34
The serosa is also known as
Visceral peritoneum
35
What is the serosa made out of
Areolar connective tissue covered with mesothelium | and squamous epithelial cells
36
What are the two layers of the muscularis externa
Circular layer | Longitudinal layer
37
What are the organs that supply the digestive organs
Splanchnic Circulation
38
What is the name of the Gut nervous system
Enteric nervous system
39
What kind of neurons does the enteric nervous system use
Enteric Neurons
40
What are the two major intrinsic nerve plexus
Submucosal nerve plexus | Myenteric nerve plexus
41
Where is the Submucosal nerve plexus found
Submucosa
42
Where is the myenteric nerve plexus found
Between the circular and longitudinal muscle layers of muscularis externa
43
What do the myenteric nerve plexus do
GI tract motility
44
What is another name for the Submucosal plexus
Meissner Plexus
45
What is another name for the Myenteric plexus
Auerbach's plexus
46
Submucosal plexus; Parasympathetic, sympathetic or both
Parasympathetic
47
What do the submucosal do
Causes GI secrection
48
Myenteric plexus; Parasympathetic, sympathetic or both
Both
49
What does the tongue do
Mixes food and creates a bolus | Initiates swallowing by pushing bolus posteriorly
50
Where are the "taste buds found"
Around the papillae in the mouth
51
What is the job of saliva
Cleanses the mouth Dissolve food chemical so they can be tasted Moistens food and helps compact it into a bolus Contains enzyme amylase
52
What does the enzyme amylase digest
Starchy food
53
What are the 3 major/extrinsic salivary glands
Parotid Submandibular Sublingual
54
What do all major salivary glands have in common
They ducts that empty into the oral cavity
55
What two types of secretory cells do salivary glands composed of
Serous | Mucous
56
What do serous cells produce
Watery secretion containing enzymes, ions and mucin
57
What do mucous cells produce
mucus
58
What are the 3 structures of the tooth starting from exterior moving in
Crown Neck Roots Pulp Cavity
59
What is the main job of the teeth
Masticate/chew
60
What are the 4 types of teeth and how many are there
Incisors (8) Canines/Cuspid (4) Premolars (8) Molars (12)
61
What do incisors do
Cutting or nipping off pieces of food
62
What do canines do
Tear or Pierce
63
What do premolars and molars do
Grinding or Crushing
64
What is the function of pharynx
Muscle of the pharynx force food into esophagus (deglutition)
65
What are the phases of deglutition
Buccal phase Pharyngeal Phase Esophageal Phase
66
What are the functions of Esophagus
Propels food via peristalsis | Connects pharynx to stomach
67
What type of cells do the esophagus have
Stratified squamous epithelium
68
What are the 4 regions of the stomach
Cardia Fundus Body Pylorus
69
What is the cardia in the stomach
Opening form esophagus
70
What is the fundus in the stomach
Superior Portion of cardia
71
What is the body in the stomach
Main portion
72
What is the pylorus in the stomach
Pass chyme into small intestine
73
What is the function of the stomach
Storage of ingested food Mechanical breakdown of ingested food Disruption of chemical bonds in food material by acids and enzymes Production of intrinsic factor
74
What are the gastric glands of the stomach
Parietal Cells Chief Cells Muscous neck cells Enteroendocrine cells
75
In the stomach, what does the parietal cells produce
HCl & Intrinsic Factors (B12)
76
In the stomach, what does the chief cells produce
Pepsinogen, Tripysin and Gastric Lipase
77
In the stomach, what does the mucous cells produce
Mucous actively dividing to replace superficial cells
78
In the stomach, what does the enterodocrine cells produce
G- Cells produce gastrin | D- cells produce somatostatin
79
What is saliva composed mainly of
Water
80
What does the digestive hormone gastrin do
Gastric Secretion and increase motility
81
What does the digestive hormone secretion do
Secretion of pancreatic juices & bile from liver HCO3-
82
What does the Cholecystokinin (CCK) do
``` Ejection of bile from gall bladder Increase pancreatic juice secretion Induce feeling of full Relaxes sphincter of Oddi Opening of gall bladder duct into small intestine ```
83
What are the 3 phases of Gastric Secretion
Cephalic Phase Gastric Phase Intestinal Phase
84
Where is most of the nutrient absorbed
Small Intesine (90%)
85
What are the 3 parts of the small intestine
Duodenum Jejunum Ileum
86
What part of the small intestine are most nutrient absorbed
Jejunum
87
Chemical digestion of mouth consist of
Carbohydrates | Lipids
88
Chemical digestion of stomach consist of
Lipids | Proteins
89
Chemical digestion of small intestine consist of
Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins RNA/DNA
90
Food in the Mouth is called what
Bolus
91
Food in the stomach is called what
Cyme
92
What part of the small intestine absorb vit B12
Ileum
93
Define Metabolism
All chemical reaction in the body | Catabolism + Anabolism
94
What is Catabolism
``` Catabolic reactions breakdown complex organic compounds Glycolysis, Krebs cycle and electron transport Provides energy (Exergonic) ```
95
What is Anabolism
``` Anabolic reactions synthesize complex molecules from small molecules Require Energy (endergonic) ```
96
Define glycolysis
Converts glucose to pyruvic acid
97
Define glycogenesis
Polymerizes glucose to form glycogen
98
Define glycogenolysis
Hydrolyzes glycogen to glucose monomers
99
Define gluconeogenesis
Forms glucose from noncarbohydrate precursors
100
What are Fat Soluble vitamins
``` Vitamin A D K E ```
101
What does the small intestine digest
Protein Lipids Carbohydrates Nucleic Acid
102
Is the small intestine basic or acidic
Acidic
103
What does the stomach digest
Protein | Lipids
104
What does the mouth digest
Carbohydrates | Lipids
105
Where in the small intestine does Vitamin D absorbed
Duodenum
106
Where in the small intestine does Vitamin B9 absorbed
B9 Folic Acid
107
What are water soluble vitamins
Vitamin B {B9,B12) C
108
What is the solution that the pancreas release
Pancreatic Juice especially bicarbonate
109
What does the pancreatic juice do in the small intestine
Make the environment basic
110
What does the liver produce
Bile
111
Where is the bile stored
Gallbladder
112
What does the bile do
Emulsify lipids

Biology 181 (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions