Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Exam 1 > Anatomy Exam 1 Flashcards > Flashcards

Anatomy Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The study of body structures

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Physiology

A

The study of function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Main Organs in the Integumentary System

A

Skin, hair, Sweat glands, and nails

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Main functions of the Integumentary System

A

Protects against the environment, and helps regulate body temperature, as well as provides sensory information.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Main Organs in the Skeletal System

A

Bones, Cartilages, associated ligaments, and bone marrow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Main functions of the Skeletal System

A

Provides support and protection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Main Organs in the Muscular System

A

Skeletal muscles and associated tendons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Main functions of the Muscular System

A

Provides movement, protection, support, and generates heat that maintains body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Main Organs in the Nervous System

A

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nerves, sense organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Main functions of the Nervous System

A

Directs immediate responses to stimuli, provides sensory information about external conditions, and moderates activities of other systems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Main Organs in the Endocrine System

A

Pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, adrenal glands, gonads

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Main functions of the Endocrine System

A

Directs long term changes in the other organ systems and adjusts activity and energy use

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Main Organs in the Cardiovascular System

A

Heart, blood, blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Main functions of the Cardiovascular System

A

Distributes blood cells, water and dissolved materials including nutrients, waste products, oxygen, and carbon dioxide, and distributes heat and assists in control of body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Main Organs in the Lymphatic System

A

Spleen, thymus, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, tonsils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Main functions of the Lymphatic System

A

Defends against infections and disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Main Organs in the Respiratory System

A

Nasal cavities, sinuses, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Main functions of the Respiratory System

A

Provides oxygen to the bloodstream and removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Main Organs in the Digestive System

A

Teeth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Main functions of the Digestive System

A

Processes and digests food, absorbs and conserves water, and stores energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Main Organs in the Urinary System

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Main functions of the Urinary System

A

Excretes waste products from the blood, as well as regulates blood ion concentrations and pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define Homeostasis

A

All body systems working together to maintain a stable internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Describe Negative Feedback

A

The effector moves the parameter in the opposite direction of the stimuli, body is in a normal range

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Describe Positive Feedback

A

The effector moves the parameter in the same direction of the stimulus, normal range is lost, speeds up the processes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are the major organs in the Dorsal Cavity?

A

Brain, skull, spinal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are the major organs in the Ventral Cavity?

A

Thorax, abdomen, and pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the major organs in the Thoracic Cavity?

A

Gallbladder, liver, stomach, and pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are the major organs in the Pelvic Cavity?

A

Ovaries, ureter, and bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What does the Parietal layer line?

A

The body cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What does the Visceral layer cover?

A

The organ itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the study of cells?

A

Cytology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is the study of tissues?

A

Histology

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

What is the correct order of the six levels of organization of the human body in order from smallest to largest?

A

Molecules, Cells, Tissues, Organ, Organ System, Organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

A plane through the body that passes perpendicularly to the long axis of the body and divides the body into superior and inferior sections is a …..

A

Transverse Plane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

The mediastinum is the region between the…..

A

Heart and pericardium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called …

A

Peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

The tissue that always has a free surface exposed to the internal or external enviornment is called….

A

Epithelial Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Visceral Pericardium is located….

A

On the heart itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

What does the pleural cavity surround?

A

The lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

What is NOT a primary tissue type?

A

Osseous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

The basic shapes of epithelial cells include all of the followin except….

A

Stratified

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Dead skin cells are shed in thick sheets because of some strong intercellular connections called,,,

A

Desmosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

The heart and blood vessels are lined by…

A

Simple Squamous Epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

You would find pseudostratified columnar epithelium lining the…

A

Trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Unlike cartilage, bone….

A

Is very vascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

The framework of stroma of orans such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of _____ tissue.

A

Reticular connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Glands that accumulate secretions and release them only when the individual secretory cells repture and die are called….

A

Holocrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

A tissue with a large number of collagen fibers organized parallel to each other most likely be found in…

A

Tendons

50
Q

Supine is when…

A

Lying down on SPINE, face up

51
Q

Prone is when…

A

Lying face down

52
Q

A vertical plane divides the body into…

A

Anterior and posterior portions

53
Q

A sagittal plane divides the body…

A

Into left and right portions

54
Q

Serous Membrane

A

Lines body cavities and covers organs.

55
Q

What is Autoregulation

A

Automatic response in a cell, tissue, or organ to environmental change

56
Q

What is Extrinsic Regulation

A

Responses controlled by nervous and endocrine systems

57
Q

Receptor

A

Receives the stimulus

58
Q

Control Center

A

Processes the signal and sends instructions

59
Q

Effector

A

Carries out instructions

60
Q

What are the 4 main types of tissues?

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscles, and Nervous

61
Q

Epithelial Tissue…

A

Covers exposed surfaces and lines internal passageways

62
Q

Connective Tissue…

A

Fills internal spaces, stores energy, transports materials, and supports other tissues

63
Q

Muscles Tissue…

A

Specialized for contraction

64
Q

Nervous Tissue…

A

Carries electrical signals

65
Q

Gap Junctions…

A

Allow rapid communication

66
Q

Tight Junctions…

A

Prevent passage of wastes and is between two plasma membranes

67
Q

Desmosomes

A

Allow bending and twisting

68
Q

Squamous

A

Thin and flat; Absorption and diffusion

69
Q

Cuboidal

A

Square shaped

70
Q

Columnar

A

Tall and slender rectangles

71
Q

Simple Epithelium

A

Single layer of cells

72
Q

Stratified Epithelium

A

Several layers of cells

73
Q

Mesothelium

A

Lines body cavities

74
Q

Endothelium

A

Forms inner lining of heart and blood vessels

75
Q

Simple Cuboidal function

A

Secretion and absorption. In glands and portions of kidney tubules

76
Q

Stratified Cuboidal Function

A

Pretty rare, found in ducts of sweat glands and mammary glands

77
Q

Transitional Epithelia

A

Stretchy, found in bladder

78
Q

Simple Columnar

A

Absorption and secretion; found in stomach, small intestines, and large intestine

79
Q

Pseudostratified Columnar

A

Have cilia; found in nasal cavity, trachea, and bronchi

80
Q

Stratified Columnar

A

Rare; provide protection to anus, urethra

81
Q

Merocrine Secretion

A

Sweat glands

82
Q

Apocrine Secretion

A

Mammary glands

83
Q

Holocrine

A

Sebaceous glands

84
Q

Adipocytes

A

Fat cells

85
Q

Mesenchymal cells

A

Stem cells that respond to injury or infection

86
Q

Melanocytes

A

Synthesize and store pigment

87
Q

Macrophages

A

Engulf pathogens and damaged cells

88
Q

Mast cells

A

Stimulate inflammation after injury or infection and release histamine and heparin

89
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Migrate throughout body, may develop into plasma cells

90
Q

Microphages

A

Attracted to signals from macrophages and mast cells

91
Q

Collagen Fibers

A

Strong, most common is connective tissues, resist force in 1D

92
Q

Reticular Fibers

A

Stabilize functional cells

93
Q

Elastic Fibers

A

Return to original length after stretching

94
Q

Fasciae

A

Connective tissue layers and wrappings that support and surround organs

95
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Most common, tough but flexible, reduces friction

96
Q

Elastic Cartilage

A

Support but bends

97
Q

Fibrocartilage

A

Tough and durable, limits movement, prevents bone to bone contact

98
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Responsible for body movement

99
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Found only in the heart

100
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

Found in walls of hollow, contracting organs

101
Q

Neuroglia

A

Supporting cells

102
Q

Cell Body

A

Contains nucleus and nucleolus

103
Q

Dendrites

A

Short branches extending from the cell body that receive incoming signals

104
Q

Axon

A

Long thin extension of the cell body that carries electrical signals to destination

105
Q

Subcutaneous layer (Hypodermis)

A

Loose connective tissue, below the dermis

106
Q

Epidermis

A

Stratified squamous; nutrients and oxygen diffuse from capillaries in the dermis

107
Q

How many layers of thin skin?

A

4; covers most of the body

108
Q

How many layers of thick skin?

A

5; covers palms and soles

109
Q

Insensible Perspiration

A

Water diffuses across skin

110
Q

Sensible Perspiration

A

Water is excreted by sweat glands

111
Q

Dermis

A

Located between epidermis and hypodermis; anchors accessory structures

112
Q

Jundice

A

Buildup of bile produced by liver that may turn skin yellow

113
Q

Pituitary Tumor

A

Excess MSH icreases production of melanin

114
Q

Addison’s Disease

A

Cause pituitary gland to release excess ACTH

115
Q

Vitilogo

A

Loss of melanocytes cause loss of color

116
Q

Medulla

A

Cenral core of hair structure

117
Q

Cortex

A

Intermediate layer of hair structure

118
Q

Cuticle

A

Surface layer of hair structure

119
Q

Vellus Hairs

A

Soft, fine hairs that cover most of the body surface

120
Q

Terminal Hairs

A

Heavy, pigmented hairs; head, eyebrows and eyelashes

121
Q

Ceruminous Glands

A

Prevents foreign particles from reaching eardrums

Anatomy Exam 1 (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions