Anatomy dissection 2 notes

Question 1

Describe where the gluteal region lies

Answer 1

It lies posterior to the pelvis, between the back and posterior thigh

Question 2

What are the boundaries of the gluteal region ?

Answer 2

• Superiorly - iliac crests
• Inferiorly - gluteal fold/sulcus
• Laterally - greater trochanter of the femur

Question 3

What are the muscles of the superficial gluteal region ?

Answer 3

Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata

Question 4

Describe the position of the gluteus maximus in relation to the other muscles in the superficial gluteal region and its attachments

Answer 4

• Gluteus maximus is the most superifical muscle
• It attaches to the iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx proximally and distally onto the iliotibial tract

Question 5

What are the attachments of the gluteus medius and minimus ?

Answer 5

Attach to the external/posterior/gluteal aspect of the ilium and the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur.

Question 6

What is the function of the gluteus maximus

Answer 6

It is the main extensor of the thigh, and assists with lateral rotation.

Question 7

What is the function of the gluteus medius and minimus ?

Answer 7

Abduct and medially (internally) rotate the thigh at the hip joint

Question 8

What is the nervous supply of the superifical gluteal region ?

Answer 8

• Gluteus maximus - inferior gluteal nerve
• Gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata - superior gluteal nerve

Question 9

If it says neurovascular bundle e.g. inferior gluteal neurovascualr bundle why should you not be put of ?

Answer 9

Because - this is simply just taking about the bundle so inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve - this still supplies the gluteus maximus

Same rule applies for others

Question 10

What are the muscles of the deep gluteal region ?

Answer 10

• Piriformis
• Obturator internus
• Superior and inferior gemelli
• Quadratus Femoris

Question 11

How are the deep gluteal muscles arranged ?

Answer 11

Arranged in strips running approximately transversely from medial to lateral between the sacrum, ilium and ischial spine & tuberosity medially and mainly the greater trochanter of the femur laterally

Question 12

What is the main function of the deep gluteal muscles ?

Answer 12

• Main action is external (lateral) rotation of the lower limb at the ​hip joint
• Also stabilise the hip joint by ‘pulling’ the femoral head into the acetabulum

Question 13

What the is nervous supply of the deep gluteal muscles ?

Answer 13

Branches of the sacral plexus

Question 14

What is the iliotibial tract ?

Answer 14

It is a longitudinal thickening of the fascia lata (deep fascia of the thigh)

Question 15

Describe the path of the iliotibial tract

Answer 15

It runs from the ASIS to the lateral aspect of the lateral tibial condyle at the Gerdy tubercle

Question 16

How does the tensor fascia lata relate to the iliotibial tract ?

Answer 16

The tensor fascia lata is the muscular part of the fascia lata, and is enclosed within the proximal portion of the tract

Question 17

Why is the piriformis muscle an important anatomical landmark in the deep gluteal region ?

Answer 17

• It is the most superior deep gluteal muscle and can be used to divide the gluteal region as a whole into superior and inferior (hence giving vessels there names in relation to this)
• Inferiorly to it is where the scaitic nerve enters the gluteal region

Question 18

Describe the route of the sciatic nerve (L4-S3) in the lower limb

Answer 18

• Emerges inferiorly to the piriformis and then descends into the posterior compartment of the thigh
• It then reaches the popliteal fossa and bifurcates into the common fibular and tibial nerves

Question 19

What does the pudendal nerve supply?

Answer 19

Supplies the muscles, skin & fascia of much of the perineum (S2-4)

Question 20

What nerve supplies the skin of the posterior aspect of the thigh ?

Answer 20

The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S1-3)

Question 21

Where is the external occipital protuberance ?

Answer 21

Question 22

What is the vertebra prominens ?

Answer 22

C7 - the first palpable spinous process