Anatomy dissection 2 notes Flashcards
Describe where the gluteal region lies
It lies posterior to the pelvis, between the back and posterior thigh
What are the boundaries of the gluteal region ?
- Superiorly - iliac crests
- Inferiorly - gluteal fold/sulcus
- Laterally - greater trochanter of the femur
What are the muscles of the superficial gluteal region ?
Gluteus maximus, medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata
Describe the position of the gluteus maximus in relation to the other muscles in the superficial gluteal region and its attachments
- Gluteus maximus is the most superifical muscle
- It attaches to the iliac crest, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament and coccyx proximally and distally onto the iliotibial tract
What are the attachments of the gluteus medius and minimus ?
Attach to the external/posterior/gluteal aspect of the ilium and the anterolateral aspect of the greater trochanter of the femur.
What is the function of the gluteus maximus
It is the main extensor of the thigh, and assists with lateral rotation.
What is the function of the gluteus medius and minimus ?
Abduct and medially (internally) rotate the thigh at the hip joint
What is the nervous supply of the superifical gluteal region ?
- Gluteus maximus - inferior gluteal nerve
- Gluteus medius and minimus and tensor fascia lata - superior gluteal nerve
If it says neurovascular bundle e.g. inferior gluteal neurovascualr bundle why should you not be put of ?
Because - this is simply just taking about the bundle so inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve - this still supplies the gluteus maximus
Same rule applies for others
What are the muscles of the deep gluteal region ?
- Piriformis
- Obturator internus
- Superior and inferior gemelli
- Quadratus Femoris
How are the deep gluteal muscles arranged ?
Arranged in strips running approximately transversely from medial to lateral between the sacrum, ilium and ischial spine & tuberosity medially and mainly the greater trochanter of the femur laterally
What is the main function of the deep gluteal muscles ?
- Main action is external (lateral) rotation of the lower limb at the hip joint
- Also stabilise the hip joint by ‘pulling’ the femoral head into the acetabulum
What the is nervous supply of the deep gluteal muscles ?
Branches of the sacral plexus
What is the iliotibial tract ?
It is a longitudinal thickening of the fascia lata (deep fascia of the thigh)
Describe the path of the iliotibial tract
It runs from the ASIS to the lateral aspect of the lateral tibial condyle at the Gerdy tubercle
How does the tensor fascia lata relate to the iliotibial tract ?
The tensor fascia lata is the muscular part of the fascia lata, and is enclosed within the proximal portion of the tract
Why is the piriformis muscle an important anatomical landmark in the deep gluteal region ?
- It is the most superior deep gluteal muscle and can be used to divide the gluteal region as a whole into superior and inferior (hence giving vessels there names in relation to this)
- Inferiorly to it is where the scaitic nerve enters the gluteal region
Describe the route of the sciatic nerve (L4-S3) in the lower limb
- Emerges inferiorly to the piriformis and then descends into the posterior compartment of the thigh
- It then reaches the popliteal fossa and bifurcates into the common fibular and tibial nerves
What does the pudendal nerve supply?
Supplies the muscles, skin & fascia of much of the perineum (S2-4)
What nerve supplies the skin of the posterior aspect of the thigh ?
The posterior cutaneous nerve of the thigh (S1-3)
Where is the external occipital protuberance ?
What is the vertebra prominens ?
C7 - the first palpable spinous process
