Anatomy dissection 12 Flashcards
What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm ?
- Biceps brachii - long and short head
- Coracobrachialis
- Brachialis
What is the anterior compartment of the arm innervated by ?
The musculocutnaeous nerve
What are the attachments of the biceps brachii muscles ?
- Long head attaches to supraglenoid tubercle of scapula
- Short head attaches to coracoid process of scapula
Biceps tendon attaches to the radial tuberosity
Describe the biceps deep tendon reflex and its use
- Hammer hit off biceps tendon which will bring about flexion of the forearm at the elbow
- Positive test shows C5 & 6 (musculocutaneous nerve) are working and the central connections of the spinal cord above are also working
Describe the position of the muscles of the anterior compartment of the arm to each other
- The biceps brachii are the most anterior of the muscles
- The coracobrachialis is found deep to the biceps and medial to the brachialis
- Brachialis is deep to biceps brachii and lateral to coracobrachialis
What is a good mnemonic to remember the anterior compartment muscles of the arm ?
BBC
What are the attachments of the coracobrachialis muscle ?
- Proximally - Coracoid process of the scapula
- Distally - humerus
What are the attachments of the brachialis muscle ?
- Proximally - humerus
- Distally - coronoid process of the ulna
What is the function of the coracobrachialis ?
Flexion of the arm at the shoulder
What is the function of the brachialis muscle ?
Flexion at the elbow.
Describe the innervation of the anterior compartment muscles of the forearm
- All median nerve
- Except - Flexor carpi ulnaris and medial part (to digits 4 & 5) of flexor digitorum profundus which is supplied by ulnar nerve
There are 3 layers to the anterior compartment of the forearm - what are they ?
Superficial, intermediate and deep
What are the superficial muscles of the anterior compartment of the forearm ?
- Pronator teres
- Palmaris longus
- Flexor carpi radialis
- Flexor carpi ulnaris
What is the muscle of the intermediate part of the anterior compartment of the forearm?
Flexor digitorum superficialis
What are the muscles of the deep part of the anterior compartment of the forearm ?
- Flexor digitorum profundus
- Flexor pollicis longus
- Pronator quadratus
What is a useful mnemonic for remembering the superficial and intermediate muscles of the anterior forearm?
- *Anterior forearm muscles: superficial group“P**imps F*ck Prostitutes For Fun”:
- *P**ronator teres
- *F**lexor carpi radialis
- *P**almaris longous
- *F**lexor carpi ulnaris
- *F**lexor digitorum superficialis
When the tendons of the muscles of the anterior forearm cross the wrist what are they held in place by ?
Flexor retinaculum
What is the general overall function of the anterior forearm muscles ?
- Perform flexion at the wrist and fingers
- And pronation.
What is the distal attachment of the flexor digitorum superficialis ?
The muscle splits into four tendons at the wrist, which attaches to the middle phalanges of the four fingers
What are the functions of the superifical anterior forearm muscles ?
- Flexor carpi ulnaris - adduction and flexion at the wrist
- Flexor carpi radialis - abduction and flexion at the wrist
- Palmaris longus - flexion at the wrist
Pronator teres - pronation of the forearm
What is the function of the intermediate muscle of the anterior forearm ?
Flexor digitorum superficialis - Flexes the metacarpophalangeal joints and proximal interphalangeal joints at the 4 fingers, and flexes at the wrist.
What are the distal attachments of the flexor digitorum profundus and its function ?
Distally it splits into 4 tendons and attaches to the distal phalanges of the 4 fingers
Function - flex the distal interphalangeal joints of the fingers. It also flexes at metacarpophalangeal joints and at the wrist.
What is the distal attachment of the flexor pollicus longus and its function ?
Distally attaches to the base of the distal phalanx of the thumb
Function - Flexes the interphalangeal joint and metacarpophalangeal joint of the thumb.
What is the distal attachment of the pronator quadratus and its function ?
Distall attahes to the anterior surface of the radius
Function - pronates the forearm
What are the borders of the cubital fossa ?
- Lateral - brachioradialis muscle
- Medial - Pronator teres
- Superior - An imaginary line between the epicondyles of the humerus
What are the contents of the cubital fossa ?
- Superficial contents - Median cubital vein, cephalic vein and basilic vein
- Deep contents - Median nerve, brachial artery and radial nerve
Where does the ulnar nerve cross the elbow joint ?
Crosses it at the posterior surface of the medial epichondyle (can be palpated and readily injured) ‘‘funny bone site’’
