Anatomy: Digestive System

Question 1

What is the function of the digestive system?

Answer 1

Break down food for absorption and distribution of nutrients to the rest of the body

Question 1

Mouth

Answer 1

The oral cavity at the entry to the alimentary canal

Question 2

Anus

Answer 2

The opening of the rectum from which solid waste is expelled

Question 3

Gland

Answer 3

An organ that secretes a substance

Question 4

Enzymatic digestion

Answer 4

The breakdown of food by enzymes for absorption

Question 5

Smooth muscle

Answer 5

Muscle that can be found in the walls of hollow organs, such as the stomach intestines

Question 6

Nervous system

Answer 6

A complex system that controls and affects every part of the body in daily life functions and in the constant drive to maintain homeostasis

Question 7

Stomach

Answer 7

Organ between the esophagus and small intestine in which the major portion of digestion occurs

Question 8

Large intestine

Answer 8

Comprised of the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal, it is where vitamins and water are absorbed before feces is stored prior to elimination

Question 9

Rectum

Answer 9

Last section of the large intestine, ending with the anus

Question 10

Enzyme

Answer 10

A substance produced by a living thing that acts as a catalyst. A catalyst that speeds up a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy; in cells, most enzymes are proteins

Question 11

Saliva

Answer 11

The clear liquid found in the mouth, also known as spit

Question 12

Lipase

Answer 12

Pancreatic enzyme that breaks down fat

Question 13

Lipids

Answer 13

Fatty acids and their derivatives that are insoluble in water

Question 14

Bolus

Answer 14

A mass of food that has been chewed and swallowed

Question 15

Mechanical digestion and movement of food through the digestive system is controlled by the ________________ system

Answer 15

Parasympathetic

Question 16

Where are undigested foods stored?

Answer 16

Rectum

Question 16

Where does the digestive system start?

Answer 16

Mouth

Question 17

Where does the digestive system end?

Answer 17

Anus

Question 18

Define mechanical digestion

Answer 18

Any physical breakdown of food

Question 19

What initiates chemical digestion?

Answer 19

Lipase

Question 20

Define chemical digestion

Answer 20

Process where enzymes break down food particles into simple chemicals that can be used by the body

Question 21

Mechanically breaking down food even further and mix with secretions to form a substance called _ _ _ _ _

Answer 21

Chyme

Question 22

What are the three main secretions of the stomach?

Answer 22

1. Mucus
2. Hydrochloric acid
3. Pepsinogen

Question 23

Where is mucus in the stomach?

Answer 23

Lines the stomach

Question 24

What does hydrochloric acid do?

Answer 24

Creates and acidic environment

Question 25

What does pepsinogen do once converted into pepsin?

Answer 25

Helps chemically digest proteins in this acidic environment

Question 26

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

Answer 26

• Duodenum
• Jejunum
• Ileum

Question 27

Chyme

Answer 27

Semifluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine

Question 28

Pepsin

Answer 28

A stomach enzyme that breaks down proteins

Question 29

Small intestine

Answer 29

The part of the GI tract between the stomach and large intestine that includes the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, where digestion and absorption of food occurs

Question 30

Hydrophilic

Answer 30

Water loving

Question 31

Liver

Answer 31

The organ that produces bile, regulates glycogen storage, and performs other bodily functions

Question 32

Amino acids

Answer 32

The monomers that make up proteins

Question 33

Salt

Answer 33

A chemical compound formed from the reaction of an acid with a base, with at least part of the hydrogen of the acid replaced by a cation

Question 34

Bacteria

Answer 34

Unicellular organisms that are capable of causing disease

Question 35

Insulin

Answer 35

A hormone that triggers the influx of glucose into cells, thus lowering blood glucose levels

Question 36

Glucagon

Answer 36

A hormone secreted by the pancreas that stimulates its target cells in the liver to convert hepatic glycogen stores into glucose and release that glucose into the blood

Question 37

Nerve

Answer 37

A long bundle of neuronal axons that transmits signals to and from the central nervous system

Question 38

What do the upper parts of the digestive system consist of?

Answer 38

• Salivary glands
• Epiglottis
• Trachea
• Esophagus

Question 39

What do the lower parts of the digestive system consist of?

Answer 39

• Liver
• Stomach
• Gallbladder
• Pancreas
• Large intestine
• Small intestine
• Cecum
• Appendix