Anatomy: Cardiovascular System Flashcards
What is the cardiovascular/circulatory system responsible for?
- The movement of blood around the body
- Allows for nutrient distribution and waste removal
Arteries
Vessels that carry blood away from the heart toward other body parts
Veins
Vessels that carry blood toward the heart from other body parts
Cardiac Muscle
Involuntary muscle found in the heart cardiovascular system. The system comprised of the heart and blood vessels
Hormone
A chemical messenger produced by a gland and transported by the bloodstream that regulates specific processes in the body
Tissue
A group of cells with similar structure that function together as a unit, but at a lower level than organs
How many chambers does the heart have?
Four
What are the upper chambers of the heart called?
Atria
What are the lower chambers of the heart called?
Ventricles
What does the closed circulatory system consist of?
A double-loop system consisting of thick-walled arteries that transport blood away from the heart
What does the lymphatic system do?
Circulates and filters interstitial fluid between cells and eventually drains into the circulatory system
What are the two parts of the circulatory system?
Pulmonary & Systemic
What does the pulmonary loop do?
Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium
What is the function of the systemic loop?
Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium
Systole
The portion of the cardiac cycle in which the heart expels blood
Relaxation
Release of tension in a muscle
Plasma
Clear pale yellow component of blood that carries red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets throughout the body
Hemoglobin
Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body
Buffer
A solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. Buffers maintain the proper pH of the body
Lymphocyte
A category of white blood cells that includes natural killer cells, B-cells, helper T-cells, and cytotoxic T-cells
Lymph
Clear fluid that moves throughout the lymphatic system to fight disease
Macrophage
A large white blood cell that ingests foreign material
Leukocyte
White blood cells, which protect the body against disease
Diastole
Relaxation of heart muscles
Peristalsis
A series of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract
Right atrium
Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body through large veins
Right ventricle
Pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs to become oxygenated
Left atrium
Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through pulmonary veins
Left ventricle
Pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta, which distributes it throughout the body
