Anatomy: Cardiovascular System

Question 1

What is the cardiovascular/circulatory system responsible for?

Answer 1

• The movement of blood around the body
• Allows for nutrient distribution and waste removal

Question 2

Arteries

Answer 2

Vessels that carry blood away from the heart toward other body parts

Question 3

Veins

Answer 3

Vessels that carry blood toward the heart from other body parts

Question 4

Cardiac Muscle

Answer 4

Involuntary muscle found in the heart cardiovascular system. The system comprised of the heart and blood vessels

Question 5

Hormone

Answer 5

A chemical messenger produced by a gland and transported by the bloodstream that regulates specific processes in the body

Question 6

Tissue

Answer 6

A group of cells with similar structure that function together as a unit, but at a lower level than organs

Question 7

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 7

Four

Question 8

What are the upper chambers of the heart called?

Answer 8

Atria

Question 9

What are the lower chambers of the heart called?

Answer 9

Ventricles

Question 10

What does the closed circulatory system consist of?

Answer 10

A double-loop system consisting of thick-walled arteries that transport blood away from the heart

Question 11

What does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 11

Circulates and filters interstitial fluid between cells and eventually drains into the circulatory system

Question 12

What are the two parts of the circulatory system?

Answer 12

Pulmonary & Systemic

Question 13

What does the pulmonary loop do?

Answer 13

Carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs where it is oxygenated and returns oxygenated blood to the left atrium

Question 14

What is the function of the systemic loop?

Answer 14

Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the body, returning deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Question 15

Systole

Answer 15

The portion of the cardiac cycle in which the heart expels blood

Question 16

Relaxation

Answer 16

Release of tension in a muscle

Question 17

Plasma

Answer 17

Clear pale yellow component of blood that carries red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets throughout the body

Question 18

Hemoglobin

Answer 18

Protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body

Question 19

Buffer

Answer 19

A solution of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. Buffers maintain the proper pH of the body

Question 20

Lymphocyte

Answer 20

A category of white blood cells that includes natural killer cells, B-cells, helper T-cells, and cytotoxic T-cells

Question 21

Lymph

Answer 21

Clear fluid that moves throughout the lymphatic system to fight disease

Question 22

Macrophage

Answer 22

A large white blood cell that ingests foreign material

Question 23

Leukocyte

Answer 23

White blood cells, which protect the body against disease

Question 24

Diastole

Answer 24

Relaxation of heart muscles

Question 25

Peristalsis

Answer 25

A series of muscle contractions that move food through the digestive tract

Question 26

Right atrium

Answer 26

Receives oxygen-poor blood from the body through large veins

Question 27

Right ventricle

Answer 27

Pumps oxygen-poor blood to the lungs to become oxygenated

Question 28

Left atrium

Answer 28

Receives oxygenated blood from the lungs through pulmonary veins

Question 29

Left ventricle

Answer 29

Pumps oxygenated blood to the aorta, which distributes it throughout the body