Anatomy Clinical Correlates

Question 0

Flexion teardrop fracture

Answer 0

unstable fracture of anterior vertebrae and compression, also injury to ligaments to lower C spine
possible damage to vertebral artery
“diving into shallow water”
typically immediate, complete, permanent quadriplegia

Question 1

Clay shoveler fracture

Answer 1

Stabile fracture of the spinous process
hyperflexion
C6-T1

Question 2

Hangman’s fracture

Answer 2

fracture through bilateral pars interarticularis of C2
hyperextension and distraction
often MVA
unstable

Question 3

extension teardrop fracture

Answer 3

hyperextension avulses anterior longitudinal ligament from vertebrae, usually C2
unstable in extension
ligament and neurological function intact

Question 4

Jefferson fracture

Answer 4

Compression fracture of C1 due to axial blow to head
transverse ligament tears
lateral displacement of odontoid process
unstable

Question 5

burst fracture

Answer 5

compression fracture of spine from axial load
usually stable unless >25% compression
chips from posterior elements may pinch spinal cord

Question 6

atlanto-occipital dislocation

Answer 6

dislocation of skull from C1
immediately fatal
MVA: extreme hyperextension with distraction

Question 7

odontoid type 2 fracture

Answer 7

fracture through bottom of odontoid process from C2
unstable
degree of displacement predicts likelihood of non-union

Question 8

jugulodigastric cervical nodes

Answer 8

deep lymph nodes

• post and inf. to angle of mandible
• tongue and tonsil drainage

Question 9

juguloomohyoid cervical node

Answer 9

deep lymph node

• tendinous part of omohyoid
• drains tongue

Question 10

adenoids

Answer 10

enlarged pharyngeal tonsils

-may block air passage from nasal cavity through nasopharynx

Question 11

Foreign object in the laryngopharynx has potential for what?

Answer 11

Can get lodged in piriform recess.
If sharp can puncture and damage internal laryngeal nerve –> loss of sensation above vocal folds (below is served by recurrent laryngeal)

Question 12

bulbar palsy

Answer 12

degeneration of motor neurons of CN X, and CN IX

-presents with choking

Question 13

Wedge Fracture

Answer 13

Flexion
stable unless >25% compression
posterior column is intact

Question 14

Unilateral Facet dislocation

Answer 14

flexion with rotation

stabile, if

Question 15

bilateral facet dislocation

Answer 15

extreme hyperflexion
Unstable
complete anterior dislocation- all ligaments stretched or torn
if >50% shift, more likely to have neuro problems

Question 16

odontoid fracture (type 1)

Answer 16

rare, (MVA or fall)
only the tip of the odontoid process chips off
can be stabile or unstable

Question 17

Odontoid fracture (type 3)

Answer 17

odontoid process plus some of the body of axis chips off
best prognosis
stabile