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Neuro Module > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

what are the parts of the Substantia Nigra and which is responsible for Parkinsons?

A

pars reticulata

**pars compacta

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1
Q

Comprised of LMNs of CN III (motor) & Edinger-Westphal nucleus (preganglionic parasympathetic: ciliary muscle & constrictor pupillae)

A

Oculomotor Complex

(Rostral Midbrain

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2
Q
  • receives input from motor areas of cortex and cerebellum

- excites upper limb flexors

A

Red Nucleus

rostral midbrain

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3
Q

-receives input from optic tract and visual cortex

A

Superior Collicullus

rostral midbrain

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4
Q

major relay for hearing

fibers project to medial geniculate body of thalamus

A

Inferior colliculus

caudal midbrain

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5
Q
  • Pigmented cells that contain NE
  • project throughout the CNS
  • attention, sleep
A

Locus coeruleus

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6
Q
  • principal sensory nucleus: 2 pt tactile, vibration sense from face
  • motor nucleus of V: muscles of mastication
A

Trigeminal Nucleus

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7
Q

muscles of facial expression, stapedius, post. digastric, stylohyoid
(2nd arch)

A

Facial motor nucleus

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8
Q

receives pain, light touch and temperature signals from face

A

Spinal V Nucleus

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9
Q

Spinothalamic tract

A

Ascending:

  • pain, temp, touch for contralateral body
  • pons: ventrolateral
  • midbrain: merges with medial lemniscus
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10
Q

Medial Lemniscus

A

Ascending:

  • 2 pt touch, vibration, conscious proprioception for contralateral body
  • continuation from posterior column nuclei
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11
Q

Medial Longitudinal Fasciculus

A

Ascending and Descending

  • coordination between cranial nerve nuclei for extraocular muscles
  • midline just dorsal to medial lemniscus
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12
Q

Lateral Lemniscus

A

Ascending:

  • auditory system fibers
  • terminates in inferior colliculi
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13
Q

Central Tegmental Tract

A

Ascending:

- Reticular formation

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14
Q

Corticospinal fibers

A

Descending:

  • from frontal and parietal lobes
  • through crura cerebri –> pons –> medulla (pyramids)
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15
Q

Corticobulbar Fibers

A

Descending:

  • motor cortex for face and head muscles
  • synapses on cranial motor neurons, reticular formation
16
Q

Corticopontine fibers

A

Descending:

- all 4 lobes to ipsilateral pontine nuclei

17
Q

Descending Autonomic Fibers

A

Descending:

  • arise from hypothalamus
  • descend in lateral brainstem
  • connect with preganglionic parasympathetic and sympathetic neurons
18
Q

Course of the Pupillary Light Reflex

A

1: ganglion cells (retina) –> optic nerve –> optic chiasm –> tract –> ipsilateral & contralateral pretectal olivary nucleus
2: pretectal olivariy nucleus –> Edinger-Westphal Nucleus
- –
3: Edinger-Westphal –> preganlionic parasympathetics (CN III) –> ciliary ganglion
4: Ciliary ganglion –> sphincter papillae muscles (contraction)

19
Q

Pathway of the Corneal Reflex

A

Sensory:

1: long ciliary –> nasociliary –> CN V1 –> V ganglion (ipsilateral)
2: V ganglion –> CN V –> spinal V tract –> spinal V nucleus –> Facial Motor Nucleus (bilateral)
- – Motor: —
3: facial motor nucleus –> CN VII –> zygomatic nerves of CN VII –> orbicularis oculi, palpebral part

20
Q

Jaw Jerk Reflex Pathway

A
  • – Sensory —
    1: muscle spindles in masseter m.–> V3
  • – Motor —
    2: trigeminal motor nucleus –> subtle jaw closure
21
Q

Caused by damage to red nucleus

A

intention tremor and ataxia in contralateral limbs

22
Q

Caused by damage to superior cerebellar peduncle

A

intention tremor and ataxia in contralateral limbs

23
Q

Caused by damage to medial lemniscus

A

loss of 2 pt touch

24
Q

Caused by damage to spinothalamic tract

A

loss of pain and thermal sense

25
Q

Caused by damage to oculomotor nerve

A

ipsilateral oculomotor nerve palsy

26
Q

Tegmental (Benedikt) Syndrome

A

Lateral tegmental vascular infarct:

  • red nucleus
  • sup. cerebellar peduncle
  • medial lemniscus
  • spinothalamic tract
  • oculomotor nerve, through the red nucleus
27
Q

Superior Alternating hemiplegia/ Weber’s Syndrome

A

Damage to Ventral Mesencephalon

  • corticospinal tract
  • corticobulbar tract
  • oculomotor nerve root fibers
28
Q

Caused by damage to corticospinal tract

A

Contralateral hemiplegia

29
Q

Caused by corticobulbar tract damage

A

Contralateral hemiparesis of lower face

30
Q

Middle alternating hemiplegia

A

Damage to Ventral lower pons

  • corticospinal tract
  • corticobulbar tract
  • abducens nerve
31
Q

Millard-Gubler Syndrome

A 
Damage to Ventral and Lateral Pons	
-Corticospinal tract
corticobulbar tract
-abducens nerve
-facial nerve
32
Q

Inferior alternating hemiplegia

A

Damage to Ventral Medulla

  • corticospinal tract
  • hypoglossal nerve
33
Q

Caused by damage to Abducens nerve

A

LMN impairment: ipsilateral lateral rectus m. paralysis

Internal strabismus

34
Q

Caused by damage to Facial Nerve

A

LMN impairment to entire ipsilateral face

Neuro Module (5 decks)

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