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Anatomy and Physiology > Anatomy Chapter 5: Tissues > Flashcards

Anatomy Chapter 5: Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What is histology?

A

Study of tissues

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2
Q

Squamous:

A

Flat and scale-like

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3
Q

Cuboidal:

A

cube-shaped

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4
Q

Columnar:

A

Column-shaped

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5
Q

Simple:

A

1 layer, all same shape

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6
Q

Stratified:

A

Many layers, all same shape

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7
Q

Transitional:

A

Resembles both stratified squamous and stratified cuboidal

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8
Q

What are the general characteristics of epithelial tissues?

A
  • widespread throughout body
  • cover organs
    anchored to connective tissue by basement membrane
  • Lack blood vessels, receive nutrients by diffusion
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9
Q

Locations of epithelial tissues:

A
  • lines hollow organs
    -inner lining of body cavities
  • always have free surface (exposed to the outside or to an open internal space)
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10
Q

How are epithelial tissues divide among the body?

A

Readily divide and tightly packed together

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11
Q

Functions of epithelial tissues:

A

Absorption, excretion, secretion

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12
Q

What epithelial tissue is…
- single layer of thin flattened cells
- cells fight tightly together, nuclei are broad and thin
- diffusion and filtration occur here easily

A

Simple Squamous

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13
Q

What epithelial tissue is located in the alveoli (air sacs of the lungs)?

A

Simple Squamous

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14
Q

What epithelial tissue is located in the walls of capillaries?

A

Simple Squamous

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15
Q

What epithelial tissue is located in the lining of the insides of blood and lymph vessels?

A

Simple Squamous

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16
Q

What epithelial tissue is…
- single layer of cube-shaped cells
- have centrally located, spherical nuclei

A

Simple Cuboidal

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17
Q

What epithelial tissue covers ovaries?

A

Simple Cuboidal

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18
Q

What epithelial tissue lines kidney tubules?

A

Simple Cuboidal

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19
Q

What epithelial tissue is located in the ducts of certain glands (salivary glands, pancreas, and liver)

A

Simple Cuboidal

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19
Q

What epithelial tissues functions are
- secretion and absorption (kidney)
- Secretion of glandular products (glands)

A

Simple Cuboidal

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20
Q

What epithelial tissue is…
- single layer of elongated cells, nuclei are usually about the same level, near the basement membrane
- ciliated or non-ciliated

A

Simple Columnar

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21
Q

What epithelial tissue is located in the stomach, intestines, and uterus?

A

Simple Columnar

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22
Q

What is the function of Simple columnar epithelial?

A

Secretion, absorption, protection

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23
Q

What epithelial tissue has…
- many flattened layers, tissue appears to be thick
- as new cells form (towards basement membrane) the older cells are pushed outward where they flatten.

A

Stratified Squamous

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24
Q

What epithelial tissue is located in the epidermis (older cells accumulate keratin, then they harden and die)?

A

Stratified Squamous

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25
Q

What is the function of stratified squamous epithelium?

A

protection

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26
Q

What epithelial tissue consists of 2-3 layers of cuboidal cells (layers all for more protection)?

A

Stratified Cuboidal

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27
Q

What epithelial tissue is located in the ducts of mammary glands?

A

Stratified Cuboidal

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28
Q

What epithelial tissue is located in sweat glands, salivary glands?

A

Stratified Cuboidal

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29
Q

What epithelial tissue is located in the pancreas?

A

Stratified Cuboidal

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30
Q

What is the function of stratified cuboidal epithelium?

A

protection

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31
Q

What epithelial tissue consists of
- many layers of cube-shaped and elongated cells
- specialized to change in response to increased tension

A

stratified transitional

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32
Q

What epithelial tissue is located in the stomach, uterus wall, and bladder?

A

stratified transitional

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33
Q

What epithelium tissue withstands stress of expansion?

A

stratified transitional

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34
Q

What epithelial tissue consists of a single layer, lined with cilia?

A

Pseudostratified columnar

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35
Q

What is the function of Pseudostratified columnar epithelium?

A

Protection, secretion, movement of mucus and cells

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36
Q

What epithelial tissue is located in the trachea (windpipe) and fallopian tubes?

A

Pseudostratified columnar

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36
Q

What is composed of cells that are specialized to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids.

A

Glandular Epithelium

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37
Q

Where are glandular epithelium located

A

Columnar or cuboidal epithelium

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38
Q

Secrete their products into tissue fluid or blood

A

Endocrine

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39
Q

Secrete products to the open surfaces such as the skin or lining of the digestive system

A

Exocrine

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40
Q

Simple gland has how many ducts?

A

one

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41
Q

compound gland has how many ducts?

A

more than one

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42
Q

Terminals portions form sac-like dilations called alveolar are…

A

tubular glands

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43
Q

What gland releases fluid products of exocytosis?

A

Merocrine glands

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44
Q

What gland is loose small amounts of cell bodies?

A

Apocrine glands

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45
Q

What gland releases entire cells?

A

Holocrine glands

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46
Q

Merocrine glands are…

A

most exocrine secretory cells

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47
Q

Cells that are watery, and high concentration of enzymes…

A

Serous cells (sometimes called serous fluid-lining of the body cavity)

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48
Q

Cells that secrete mucus, rich with glycoprotein mucin—secreted of the digestive and respiratory systems.

A

Muous cells

49
Q

What are the general characteristics of connective tissues?

A

Compose most of the body and are the most abundant type of tissue by weight.

50
Q

What are the functions of connective tissues?

A
  • bind structures
  • provide support and protection
  • serve as frameworks
  • fill spaces, store fats, produce blood cells
  • protects against infections, and helps repair tissue damage.
51
Q

Connective tissues are _______ ________, like epithelium-have a matrix (intercellular material)

A

Not adjacent

52
Q

Connective tissues have a good supply of ____ ____ and are well nourished

A

blood vessels

53
Q

Bone and cartilage are ______

A

rigid

54
Q

Areolar, adipose, and dense connective tissue are…

A

more flexible

55
Q

Most common fixed type of connective tissue (usually present in stable numbers) are..

A

fibroblast (star-shaped)

56
Q

Carry phagocytosis (wandering cells) are

A

macrophages

57
Q

What are the functions of macrophages…

A
  • stay attached to fibers but detach themselves to actively move about
  • defense against infections
58
Q

Cells that are widely distributed among C.T. - located near blood vessels, release heparin, compound that prevents blood clotting

A

Mast cells

59
Q

Fibroblasts produce what three types of connective tissue fibers

A
  • collagenous fibers
  • elastic fibers
  • reticular fibers
60
Q

What type of fiber is composed of collagen, grouped in long parallel bundles, flexible, slightly elastic, form complex networks in tissues

A

Collagenous fibers

61
Q

What fiber
-resists pulling forces
- ligaments (bone to bone)
- Tendons (muscle to bone)

A

Collagenous fibers

62
Q

Abundant collagenous fibers (appear white - sometimes called white fibers)

A

Dense C.T.

63
Q

Sparse collagenous fibers

A

Loose C.T.

64
Q

What type of fibers are composed of bundles of microfibrils embedded in elastin

A

Elastic fibers

65
Q

what type of C.T. fiber is weaker than collagenous fibers but are elastic and are sometimes called yellow fibers?

A

Elastic fibers

66
Q

What are the locations of elastic fibers?

A

Vocal cords, air passages

67
Q

What type of C.T. fiber is composed of thin collagenous fibers, form supportive networks in a variety of tissues?

A

Reticular Fibers

68
Q

What type of C.T. fiber is located in the walls of blood vessels, and helps form basement membranes?

A

Reticular fibers

69
Q

What type of C.T. tissue contains numerous fibroblasts that contain collagenous and elastic fibers? (also referred as areolar tissue)

A

Loose C.T.

70
Q

What type of C.T binds to skin underlying organs and fills space between muscles?

A

Loose C.T.

71
Q

What are the two types of loose C.T.?

A

Adipose tissue (fat) and Reticular C.T.

72
Q

What type of tissue stores fat, enlarge and push nucleus out to the side, looks like marshmallow?

A

Adipose tissue

73
Q

What type of tissue is located beneath the skin, spaces between muscles, kidneys, surface of the heart.

A

Adipose tissue

74
Q

What type of tissue’s functions are to cushion joints, and insulation?

A

Adipose tissue

75
Q

What type of C.T. is composed of thin collagenous fibers in a 3-D network. Bind together the cells of smooth muscles?

A

Reticular C.T.

76
Q

What type of tissue is closely packed, thick, collagenous fibers, fine network of elastic fibers, and fibroblasts?

A

Dense C.T.

77
Q

Regular Dense C.T., Irregular Dense C.T., and Elastic C.T. are all what type of connective tissue?

A

Dense C.T.

78
Q

What type of Dense C.T. is strong, withstand pulling (tendons and ligaments). Poor blood supply which slows down tissue repair?

A

Regular dense C.T.

79
Q

What type of Dense C.T. is thicker, interwoven, and randomly organized; allows tissue to sustain tension?

A

Irregular dense C.T.

80
Q

What dense C.T. is located in the dermis?

A

Irregular dense C.T.

81
Q

What type of Dense C.T. is yellow elastic fibers in parallel strands or in branching networks. Fibroblasts are present in the spaces between the fibers.

A

Elastic C.T.

82
Q

What dense C.T. is located between the vertebrae of spinal column, certain hollow internal organs?

A

Elastic C.T.

83
Q

What is known as rigid C.T. and provides support and frameworks, attachments, protects underlying tissues, and forms structural models for many developing bones?

A

cartilage

84
Q

What is composed of collagenous fibers embedded in a gel-like ground substance?

A

cartilage

85
Q

______ cells (chondrocytes) occupy small chambers called lacuriae and are completely in the matrix?

A

cartilage

86
Q

Hyaline, elastic, fibrocartiliage are types of what?

A

cartilage

87
Q

What type of cartilage is a common type, white; found on the end of bones

A

Hyaline cartilage

88
Q

What type of cartilage is located at the soft portion of the nose, rings of the respiratory system.
The function is to repair bone

A

Hyaline cartilage

89
Q

What type of cartilage is more flexible than hyaline, external ears and parts of the larynx.

A

Elastic cartilage

90
Q

What type of cartilage is tough tissue, contains many collagenous fibers?

A

fibrocartilage

91
Q

What type of cartilage is located in shock absorbers, pads between vertebrae, cushions bones in the knees and pelvic girdle

A

fibrocartilage

92
Q

What is known as the most rigid C.T.. Hardness due to mineral salts (calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate) in the matrix. Large amount of collagen?

A

Bone

93
Q

What type of rigid C.T. functions is support, protection, attachment for muscles?

A

bone

94
Q

What type of rigid C.T. contains red marrow which form blood vessels?

A

bone

95
Q

What are bone cells form matrix in thin layers called lamellae, which form concentric patterns around capillaries located within central canals?

A

Osteocytes

96
Q

______- injured bone heals faster than injured cartilage

A

active tissue

97
Q

What is composed of cells suspended in fluid intercellular matrix called plasma?

A

blood

98
Q

RBC’s, WBC’s and platelets are all what?

A

blood cells

99
Q

What type of blood cells transport gases?

A

Red bloods cells (erythrocytes)

100
Q

What type of blood cells fight infections?

A

White blood cells (leukocytes)

101
Q

What type of blood cells are responsible for blood clotting?

A

Platelets

102
Q

What type of tissue forms blood cells?

A

Hematopoietic tissues

103
Q

What tissue is located in red bone marrow, spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes.

A

Hematopoietic tissues

104
Q

What type of tissue is made up of muscle fibers that can shorten and thicken. (as contractions occur, ______ pull at their attached ends which moves body parts

A

Muscle tissue

105
Q

______ ______ _______ forms muscles that attach to bones

A

Skeletal muscle tissues

106
Q

Skeletal muscle tissues, smooth muscle tissue, and cardiac muscle tissue are all types of what?

A

Muscle tissue

107
Q

What type of muscle tissue is
- voluntary
- long and thin

A

skeletal muscle tissue

108
Q

alternating dark and light markings in skeletal muscle tissue are called…

A

striations

109
Q

What muscle tissue controls movement in the
- head
- trunk
- limbs
- facial expressions
- chewing, swallowing, and breathing (diaphragm)

A

skeletal muscle tissue

110
Q

What muscle tissue lacks striations?

A

Smooth muscle tissue

111
Q

What type of muscle tissue is shorter than skeletal muscle and are spindle shaped, single and central located nucleus, involuntary movements?

A

Smooth muscle tissue

112
Q

What type of muscle tissue comprises the walls of hollow organs?

A

Smooth muscle tissue

113
Q

What type of muscle tissue functions are to
- move food through digestive tract
- constrict blood vessels
- empties urinary bladder

A

Smooth muscle tissue

114
Q

What type of muscle tissue is found only in the heart

A

cardiac muscle tissue

115
Q

What type of muscle tissue is
- striated and joined end-to-end (intercalated disk)
- muscles are branched
- single nucleus
- involuntary

A

cardiac muscle tissue

116
Q

What type of muscle tissue is found in the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves?

A

Nervous tissue

117
Q

Nerve cells are called ______ - highly specialized cells

A

neurons

118
Q

What type of tissue can transmit information by sending nerve impulses along to other neurons or to muscles or glands

A

nervous tissue

119
Q

What type of tissue can regulate, coordinate, and integrate many body functions

A

nervous tissue

120
Q

What are cells that support and bind components or nervous tissue?

A

neuroglia

121
Q

What
- carries on phagocytosis
- help supply nutrients to neurons by connecting them to blood vessels
- may also play a role in cell-to-cell communications

A

neuroglia

Anatomy and Physiology (4 decks)

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