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Anatomy Exam #1 > Anatomy Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Anatomy Chapter 5 Flashcards

0
Q

What does the integumentary system consist of?

A
  1. cutaneous membrane
  2. hypodermis
  3. accessory structures
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1
Q

what are the functions of the skin?

A 
Protects
excretes
maintains (body temp)
synthesizes (vitamin D)
stores (lipids)
Detects (touch, pressure, pain, and temp)
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2
Q

what are the two parts of the Cutaneous membrane?

A

Epidermis

Dermis

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3
Q

What is the superficial part of the skin called?

A

Epidermis

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4
Q

what is the deep part of the cutaneous membrane

A

Dermis

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5
Q

what kind of tissue does the Epidermis have?

A

Stratified squamous epithelial tissue (many layers)

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6
Q

what kind of tissue does the dermis have?

A

Areolar and dense, irregular connective tissue (2 layers)

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7
Q

what kind of tissue does the Hypodermis tissue have?

A

Loose connective tissues (adipose and areolar)

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8
Q

what are the accessory structures?

A

hair
nails
glands
sensory structures

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9
Q

what is the order of the integumentary system?

what is the order or the layers (3)

A

epidermis (top)
dermis (middle)
subcutaneous layer (hypodermis) (bottom)

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10
Q

What is the main cell type in stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

A

Keratinocyte (make a protein called keratin)

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11
Q

how many layers are there in the epimeris?

A

4-5 layers (called strata)

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12
Q

what are the strata layers of the strata of the skin?

A 
stratum corneum (top)
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale (bottom)
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13
Q

the thick 15-30 top layer that is constantly lost is called what?

A

stratum corneum

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14
Q

what is the optional layer that is only in the thicker 5 layered skin?

A

stratum lucidum

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15
Q

what skin layer makes a lot of keratinocytes, being filled so much with this that eventually kills organelles inside

A

stratum granulosum

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16
Q

what is cell death by the production of keratinocytes called?

A

keratinization

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17
Q

what layer has a dramatic drop in rate at which the cels divide. they have maturing cells (living keratinocytes)

A

stratum spinosum

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18
Q

what epithelial layer is constantly dividing and is one layer thick?

A

stratum basale

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19
Q

what does skin color depend on?

A

melanin

carotene

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20
Q

what is melanin made by?

A

melanocytes

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21
Q

what are the vesicles called that store and deposit melanocytes?

A

melanosomes

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22
Q

the number of melanocytes are ___ in all races. so what makes skin color darker?

A
  1. the same

2. the melanocytes reach farther up into the higher layers of epidermis

23
Q

what are the two kind of melanin?

A
  1. Eumelanin (black or brown)

2. Pheomelanin (reddish

24
Q

what is the yello/orange pigment found in some red, yellow, orange veggies

A

Carotene

25
Q

what factors can influence skin color

A
  1. blood supply to skin (pale vs reddish)
  2. oxygen level of blood
  3. other blood pigments
  4. lack of melanin
  5. bruising (hematoma) (pooled, oxidized blood under skin)
26
Q

cyanosis is due to what?

A

low oxygen levels in the blood

27
Q

what affect does an under-developed liver have?

A

jaundice due to high levels of bilirubin

28
Q

lack of melanin causes what?

A

Albinism

29
Q

what are the two layers of the dermis?

A
  1. papillary layer

2. reticular layer

30
Q

what kind of tissue is th papillary mayer made of?

A

areolar connective tissue

31
Q

what kind of tissue if reticular layer made of?

A

dense irregular connective tissue

32
Q

what are the 4 types of accessory GLAND structures?

A
  1. sebaceous
  2. sudoriferous
  3. cerumnous
  4. mammary
33
Q

what do sebaceous glands produce?

A

oil called (sebum)

34
Q

what do sudoriferous glans produce?

A

sweat

35
Q

what do ceruminous glands produce

A

ear wax

36
Q

what do mammary glands produce?

A

milk

37
Q

where would sebaceous glands be found?

A

hair follicles

38
Q

what effect does Sebum have on hair?

A

inhibits growth, lubricates epidermis and hair and is antibacterial

39
Q

what are the two types of sudoriferous glands?

A
  1. merocrine

2. apocrine

40
Q

what sudoriferous gland is not associated with hair follicles and is most widely distributed across body?

A

merocrine

41
Q

what sudoriferous gland is associated with hair follicle and secretes a protein that bacteria feed on that causes smell?

A

apocrine

42
Q

where would merocrine glands be found?

A

across whole body but especially abundant on palms and soles

43
Q

where are Apocrine glands found on the body?

A

abundant in arm pits, around nipples, in groin area

44
Q

where is hair made?

A

follicle

45
Q

what are the three regions of a hair?

A

bulb
root
shaft

46
Q

hair growth occures via specialized cells called ____ in the ___ which continually divide.

A
  1. trichocytes

2. matrix

47
Q

what are the two types of hair?

A
  1. vellus

2. terminal

48
Q

what is the kind of hair that is located all over the body

A

vellus

49
Q

what type of hair is course and located on scalp, eyebrows, eyelashes, in nose, armpits and groin

A

terminal

50
Q

hair color and appearance is based on what two factors?

A
  1. amount and type of melanin

2. shape of each hair

51
Q

what are nails made of ?

A

dead cells packed with keratin

52
Q

what makes up the structure of a nail?

A

root
body
lunula

53
Q

what are the three types of sensory receptors?

A
  1. free nerve endings
  2. tactile corpuscle
  3. lameilted corpuscle
54
Q

what kind of sensory receptors sense pain and temperature?

A

free nerve endings

55
Q

what kind of sensory receptors sense touch and pressure?

A

tactile corpuscle

56
Q

what kind of sensory receptors sense vibrations?

A

lameilated corpuscle

Anatomy Exam #1 (6 decks)

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