Anatomy Chapter 2 Flashcards
sex cells such as eggs and sperm which are used for reproduction are called what?
germ cells
most of the cells in our body that are used to build organs and tissues are called what?
Somatic Cells
the space inside a cell is called ____ and contains a fluid called ___?
cytoplasm, cytosol
the fluid outside the cell is called what?
Extracellular fluid
proteins in the cell membrane serve many different functions such as…?
transport enzymatic activity receptors for signal tranduction intercellular joining cell-cell recognition attachment to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix
what are the three options of getting through the cell membrane?
- simple diffusion - slipping through phospholipids
- passive or active transport (requires ATP) - going through a transmembrane protein
- bulk transport - have membrane rearrange structure around the object
Bulk transport into the cell is called?
Endocytosis
Bulk transport out of the cell is called ?
Exocytosis
bulk transport uses ___ to bring stuff into or out of the cell.
vesicle
what are the three types of Endocytosis?
Phagocytosis
pinocytosis
receptor-mediated endocytosis
bulk transport of bringing a solid in through endocytosis is called what?
phagocytosis
bulk transport of bringing liquid into the cell by endocytosis is called ?
pinocytosis
in bulk transport, endocytosis is triggered only by receptors. this is called?
receptor-mediated endocytosis
where are ribosomes made?
nucleolus
the membrane on the nucleus is called what?
nuclear envelope
what is one strand of DNA called?
chromosome
there are __ chromosomes in the nuclei of somatic cells
46
sex cells have ___ chromosomes
23
a section of the chromosome that codes for one protein is called what?
a gene
the sum of all our genes is called?
genome
what are the functions of the rough ER
- protein synthesis
2. folding proteins into tertiary and quaternary structures
what are the functions of the smooth ER
- synthesis of phospholipid and glycolipid
- carbohydrate synthesis and storage
- steroid and cholesterol synthesis
what are the different packages that the Golgi A. makes?
- lysosomes
- secretory vesicles
- transport vesicles
- membrane renewal vesicles
vesicle that contains digestive enzymes that degrade/ break down
Lysosomes
vesicles that contain products the cell will export into the extracellular fluid
secretory vessicles
vesicles that contain products to move around inside the cell
transport vesicles
vesicles that add new materials (phospholipids, proteins, glycolipids) to cell membrane
membrane Renewal vesicle
the folds in the inner membrane of a mitochondria are called what?
Cristae
the fluid environment inside the mitochondria is called what?
matrix
what are the three types of protein strands in the cytoskeleton?
- Microfilaments
- Intermediate Filaments
- Microtubules
thin, thread-like protein strands found in the cytoskeleton are called?
microfilaments
slightly thick thread-like strands in the cytoskeleton are called what?
Intermediate Filaments
Large, hollow, tude-like protein strands in the cytoskeleton are called what?
Microtubules
small, immobile protrusions used mainly for surface area and absorption are called what?
Microvilli
Large, finger-like, movable protrusions are called?
Cilia
What are the 3 types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal
Cardiac
Smooth
What kind of muscle tissue is found in our muscles connected to skeleton
Skeletal muscle tissue
What Muscle tissue is in our heart?
Cardiac muscle tissue
What kind of muscle is in our organs, blood vessels etc.?
Smooth muscle tissue
What are the 2 main cell types found in nervous tissue?
Neurons (conduct electrical signals) Glial cells (support cells)
