Anatomy Chapter 12.1 (Circulatory) Flashcards
What is the circulatory system?
Transports blood, nutrients and waste around the body
What are the three main purposes of the circulatory system?
- Transports gasses, nutrient molecules, wast molecules around body
- Regulates internal temperature
- Protects against blood loss from injury, against disease toxins induced in the body
What are the three major components of the circulatory system?
Heart, blood vessels, blood
What does the heart do?
Muscular organ that:
- Pumps blood around the body
- Generates blood flow
What are blood vessels?
Hollow tubes that blood flows through
What is the cardiovascular system made of?
Heart and blood vessels
What is blood?
Fluid transporting nutrients, O2, CO2
What are the two types of circulatory systems?
- Open circulatory system
2. Closed circulatory system
What is open circulatory system?
- Blood flows freely within the body and makes direct contact with all the organs/tissues
- No distinction between blood and interstitial fluid
What is closed circulatory system?
- Blood is contained in the vessels and no contact with tissues
- Blood and interstitial fluid are separate
What are the walls of the heart made of?
Cardiac muscle
Why are there cardiac muscles around the heart?
Allow heart to contract rhythmically without causing fatigue
How many chambers does the heart have?
4 (top on right/left, bottom on right/left)
What are the two top chambers called?
Atria
What does the atria do?
Fill the blood returning from the body or lungs
What are the two bottom chambers called?
Ventricles
What do the ventricles do?
Receive blood from the atria to pump out to the rest of the body
How are the ventricles and atria separated?
Atrioventricular valves (2 valves)
What is the vena cavae?
Two large vessels that open into the right atrium
What does the higher vena cavae do?
Collects oxygen poor blood from the head/chest/arms
What does the lower vena cavae do?
Collects oxygen poor blood from the rest of the tissues in the body
What is the pulmonary arteries?
Blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs
How does the oxygen poor blood flow?
Right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary trunk - pulmonary arteries (gas exchange)
What does the left side of the heart do?
Pump oxygen-rich blood from left and right lungs to the rest of the body
How does the oxygen rich blood flow?
lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta
What is the pulmonary vein?
Blood vessels that carries blood from the lungs to the heart
What is the aorta?
Blood artery that that carries blood from heart to other arteries
What is the components of the atrioventricular valve?
Tricuspid valve - three flaps (right side)
Vicuspid valve - two flaps (left side)
How many valves does the heart have?
4 (2 atrioventricular valves and 2 semilunar valves)
What are the three main types of blood vessels?
Arteries, capillaries, veins
What are arteries?
- Highly elastic walls so it can expand and contract so blood can move in the right direction
- Has a pumping motion to propel blood in the blood vessels
What are veins?
- Thinner walls, larger inner circumference
- Contraction of the muscles allow keeps blood in the veins flowing
- One way valve
What are capillaries?
- Single layer of cells
- Only enough to fit the largest blood cell in a single file
What is pulmonary circulation?
Blood movement from heart to lungs and lungs to heart
How does pulmonary circulation work?
Heart - lungs = waste CO2
Lungs - gas exchange occurs
Lungs - heart = oxygen rich blood
How does systematic circulation work?
Takes oxygenated blood from the body and delivers it to the rest of the organs
What is cardiac circulation?
Movement of blood through the heart tissues
What are the two elements in blood?
Plasma and formed portion
