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Biology Unit 3 (SBI3UI-) > Anatomy Chapter 12.1 (Circulatory) > Flashcards

Anatomy Chapter 12.1 (Circulatory) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the circulatory system?

A

Transports blood, nutrients and waste around the body

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2
Q

What are the three main purposes of the circulatory system?

A
  1. Transports gasses, nutrient molecules, wast molecules around body
  2. Regulates internal temperature
  3. Protects against blood loss from injury, against disease toxins induced in the body
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3
Q

What are the three major components of the circulatory system?

A

Heart, blood vessels, blood

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4
Q

What does the heart do?

A

Muscular organ that:

  1. Pumps blood around the body
  2. Generates blood flow
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5
Q

What are blood vessels?

A

Hollow tubes that blood flows through

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6
Q

What is the cardiovascular system made of?

A

Heart and blood vessels

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7
Q

What is blood?

A

Fluid transporting nutrients, O2, CO2

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8
Q

What are the two types of circulatory systems?

A
  1. Open circulatory system

2. Closed circulatory system

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9
Q

What is open circulatory system?

A
  • Blood flows freely within the body and makes direct contact with all the organs/tissues
  • No distinction between blood and interstitial fluid
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10
Q

What is closed circulatory system?

A
  • Blood is contained in the vessels and no contact with tissues
  • Blood and interstitial fluid are separate
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11
Q

What are the walls of the heart made of?

A

Cardiac muscle

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12
Q

Why are there cardiac muscles around the heart?

A

Allow heart to contract rhythmically without causing fatigue

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13
Q

How many chambers does the heart have?

A

4 (top on right/left, bottom on right/left)

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14
Q

What are the two top chambers called?

A

Atria

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15
Q

What does the atria do?

A

Fill the blood returning from the body or lungs

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16
Q

What are the two bottom chambers called?

A

Ventricles

17
Q

What do the ventricles do?

A

Receive blood from the atria to pump out to the rest of the body

18
Q

How are the ventricles and atria separated?

A

Atrioventricular valves (2 valves)

19
Q

What is the vena cavae?

A

Two large vessels that open into the right atrium

20
Q

What does the higher vena cavae do?

A

Collects oxygen poor blood from the head/chest/arms

21
Q

What does the lower vena cavae do?

A

Collects oxygen poor blood from the rest of the tissues in the body

22
Q

What is the pulmonary arteries?

A

Blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs

23
Q

How does the oxygen poor blood flow?

A

Right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary trunk - pulmonary arteries (gas exchange)

24
Q

What does the left side of the heart do?

A

Pump oxygen-rich blood from left and right lungs to the rest of the body

25
Q

How does the oxygen rich blood flow?

A

lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

26
Q

What is the pulmonary vein?

A

Blood vessels that carries blood from the lungs to the heart

27
Q

What is the aorta?

A

Blood artery that that carries blood from heart to other arteries

28
Q

What is the components of the atrioventricular valve?

A

Tricuspid valve - three flaps (right side)

Vicuspid valve - two flaps (left side)

29
Q

How many valves does the heart have?

A

4 (2 atrioventricular valves and 2 semilunar valves)

30
Q

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

A

Arteries, capillaries, veins

31
Q

What are arteries?

A
  • Highly elastic walls so it can expand and contract so blood can move in the right direction
  • Has a pumping motion to propel blood in the blood vessels
32
Q

What are veins?

A
  • Thinner walls, larger inner circumference
  • Contraction of the muscles allow keeps blood in the veins flowing
  • One way valve
33
Q

What are capillaries?

A
  • Single layer of cells

- Only enough to fit the largest blood cell in a single file

34
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

Blood movement from heart to lungs and lungs to heart

35
Q

How does pulmonary circulation work?

A

Heart - lungs = waste CO2
Lungs - gas exchange occurs
Lungs - heart = oxygen rich blood

36
Q

How does systematic circulation work?

A

Takes oxygenated blood from the body and delivers it to the rest of the organs

37
Q

What is cardiac circulation?

A

Movement of blood through the heart tissues

38
Q

What are the two elements in blood?

A

Plasma and formed portion

Biology Unit 3 (SBI3UI-) (3 decks)

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