Anatomy Chapter 12.1 (Circulatory)

Question 1

What is the circulatory system?

Answer 1

Transports blood, nutrients and waste around the body

Question 2

What are the three main purposes of the circulatory system?

Answer 2

1. Transports gasses, nutrient molecules, wast molecules around body
2. Regulates internal temperature
3. Protects against blood loss from injury, against disease toxins induced in the body

Question 3

What are the three major components of the circulatory system?

Answer 3

Heart, blood vessels, blood

Question 4

What does the heart do?

Answer 4

Muscular organ that:

1. Pumps blood around the body
2. Generates blood flow

Question 5

What are blood vessels?

Answer 5

Hollow tubes that blood flows through

Question 6

What is the cardiovascular system made of?

Answer 6

Heart and blood vessels

Question 7

What is blood?

Answer 7

Fluid transporting nutrients, O2, CO2

Question 8

What are the two types of circulatory systems?

Answer 8

1. Open circulatory system

2. Closed circulatory system

Question 9

What is open circulatory system?

Answer 9

• Blood flows freely within the body and makes direct contact with all the organs/tissues
• No distinction between blood and interstitial fluid

Question 10

What is closed circulatory system?

Answer 10

• Blood is contained in the vessels and no contact with tissues
• Blood and interstitial fluid are separate

Question 11

What are the walls of the heart made of?

Answer 11

Cardiac muscle

Question 12

Why are there cardiac muscles around the heart?

Answer 12

Allow heart to contract rhythmically without causing fatigue

Question 13

How many chambers does the heart have?

Answer 13

4 (top on right/left, bottom on right/left)

Question 14

What are the two top chambers called?

Answer 14

Atria

Question 15

What does the atria do?

Answer 15

Fill the blood returning from the body or lungs

Question 16

What are the two bottom chambers called?

Answer 16

Ventricles

Question 17

What do the ventricles do?

Answer 17

Receive blood from the atria to pump out to the rest of the body

Question 18

How are the ventricles and atria separated?

Answer 18

Atrioventricular valves (2 valves)

Question 19

What is the vena cavae?

Answer 19

Two large vessels that open into the right atrium

Question 20

What does the higher vena cavae do?

Answer 20

Collects oxygen poor blood from the head/chest/arms

Question 21

What does the lower vena cavae do?

Answer 21

Collects oxygen poor blood from the rest of the tissues in the body

Question 22

What is the pulmonary arteries?

Answer 22

Blood vessel that carries blood from the heart to the lungs

Question 23

How does the oxygen poor blood flow?

Answer 23

Right atrium - right ventricle - pulmonary trunk - pulmonary arteries (gas exchange)

Question 24

What does the left side of the heart do?

Answer 24

Pump oxygen-rich blood from left and right lungs to the rest of the body

Question 25

How does the oxygen rich blood flow?

Answer 25

lungs - pulmonary veins - left atrium - left ventricle - aorta

Question 26

What is the pulmonary vein?

Answer 26

Blood vessels that carries blood from the lungs to the heart

Question 27

What is the aorta?

Answer 27

Blood artery that that carries blood from heart to other arteries

Question 28

What is the components of the atrioventricular valve?

Answer 28

Tricuspid valve - three flaps (right side) | Vicuspid valve - two flaps (left side)

Question 29

How many valves does the heart have?

Answer 29

4 (2 atrioventricular valves and 2 semilunar valves)

Question 30

What are the three main types of blood vessels?

Answer 30

Arteries, capillaries, veins

Question 31

What are arteries?

Answer 31

- Highly elastic walls so it can expand and contract so blood can move in the right direction - Has a pumping motion to propel blood in the blood vessels

Question 32

What are veins?

Answer 32

- Thinner walls, larger inner circumference - Contraction of the muscles allow keeps blood in the veins flowing - One way valve

Question 33

What are capillaries?

Answer 33

- Single layer of cells | - Only enough to fit the largest blood cell in a single file

Question 34

What is pulmonary circulation?

Answer 34

Blood movement from heart to lungs and lungs to heart

Question 35

How does pulmonary circulation work?

Answer 35

Heart - lungs = waste CO2 Lungs - gas exchange occurs Lungs - heart = oxygen rich blood

Question 36

How does systematic circulation work?

Answer 36

Takes oxygenated blood from the body and delivers it to the rest of the organs

Question 37

What is cardiac circulation?

Answer 37

Movement of blood through the heart tissues

Question 38

What are the two elements in blood?

Answer 38

Plasma and formed portion