Anatomy Chapter 10.2 (Digestion)

Question 1

List how food goes in upper area of digestive system

Answer 1

Mouth - salivary glands + teeth - pharynx - epiglottis - esophagus

Question 2

List of how food goes in lower area of digestive system

Answer 2

Liver - gallbladder - esophageal sphincter (entracne to the stomach) - stomach - small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) - large intestine (cecum, colon, rectum), appendix, anus

Question 3

Function of salivary glands?

Answer 3

• Aid in chemical digestion
• Contains enzyme called amylase (breaks food to simple sugar)
• Dissolves water-soluble food particles

Question 4

Function of teeth?

Answer 4

• Aid in mechanical digestion

- Grind food to make it smaller

Question 5

What is bolus?

Answer 5

Food that is smoothed into a soft mass

Question 6

Function of the epiglottis?

Answer 6

Valve that prevents food from going down from going down to the lungs

Question 7

Function of esophagus?

Answer 7

Hollow muscular food that transports food down to the stomach

Question 8

How does food go down the esophagus?

Answer 8

Peristalsis - wave like muscular contractions

Question 9

What is the muscle that controls the entrance to the stomach?

Answer 9

• Esophageal sphincter

- Normally closed to prevent acid from stomach to go back up the esophagus

Question 10

Function of the stomach?

Answer 10

• Walls are folded allowing stomach to expand after meal
• Lined with millions of gastric glands that secrete gastric juice
• Mucus coats walls of stomach to protect from strong acidic gastric juice

Question 11

What is gastric juice?

Answer 11

• Hydrochloric acid, salts, enzymes, water, mucus

Question 12

What is chyme?

Answer 12

Liquid produced in stomach made from digested food and gastric juice

Question 13

How many layers does the stomach have?

Answer 13

Three

Question 14

Function of the three layers?

Answer 14

Contract and relax to make chyme

Question 15

What muscle is at the lower end of the stomach?

Answer 15

Pyloric sphincter

Question 16

Function of pyloric sphincter?

Answer 16

Muscular valve that keeps food in the stomach

Question 17

Three methods why stomach does not digest proteins in the stomach

Answer 17

1. Little gastric juice is secreted until food is present
2. Stomach cells secrete mucus
3. Stomach produces pepsin

Question 18

What is pepsin?

Answer 18

• Digests protein

- Hydrolyzes proteins to yield polypeptides

Question 19

Function of small intestine?

Answer 19

• Nutrients are broken down into their component molecules

- Nutrients are absorbed through membranes that line the small intestine

Question 20

Where is the duodenum?

Answer 20

First part of the small intestine

Question 21

Function of villi?

Answer 21

• Folds on the wall of the small intestine

- Receives discharged substance from pancreas and gallbladder

Question 22

Function of jejunum?

Answer 22

• Contains more folds than duodenum
• Breaks down remaining carbohydrates and proteins so it can be absorbed in bloodstream
• 2.5m long

Question 23

Function of ileum?

Answer 23

• Fewer/smaller villi
• Absorb nutrients
• Push undigested material into large intestine

Question 24

Function of pancreas?

Answer 24

• Secretes pancreatic fluid
• Contains numerous enzymes that chemically digest carbs, lipids, proteins
• Contains bicarbonate (alters pH of chyme

Question 25

Function of liver?

Answer 25

Secretes bile

Question 26

What is bile?

Answer 26

• Made up of bile pigment and salts
• Waste products from the liver’s destruction of old red blood cells
• Eliminated through feces

Question 27

Function of gallbladder?

Answer 27

Stores bile between meals

Question 28

Function of large intestine?

Answer 28

Absorb water for alimentary canal