Anatomy Chapter 11.1 (Respiratory)

Question 1

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

• Ensure oxygen is brought to the body and is available for the cells that need it
• CO2 can be removed from body and cell

Question 2

What are the stages of respiration?

Answer 2

1. Breathing
2. External respiration
3. Internal respiration
4. Cellular respiration

Question 3

What is the first stage of respiration?

Answer 3

Inspiration (air into lungs) and expiration (air in lungs to outside the body)

Question 4

What is the second stage of respiration?

Answer 4

External respiration - exchange of oxygen and CO2 between air in lungs and blood

Question 5

What is gas exchange?

Answer 5

Delivery of oxygen from lungs to the blood and elimination of CO2 from lungs to blood

Question 6

What is the third stage of respiration?

Answer 6

Internal respiration - exchange of oxygen and CO2 between blood and body’s tissue

Question 7

What is the fourth stage of respiration?

Answer 7

Cellular respiration - energy releasing reaction that occur int he cell

Question 8

What are the two requirements for respiration?

Answer 8

1. Respiratory surface must be large enough for oxygen and CO2 exchange to quickly provide for the body’s needs
2. Must take place in a moist environment so oxygen and CO2 are dissolved in water

Question 9

How to increase the efficiency of respiration?

Answer 9

Ventilation

Question 10

What is ventilation?

Answer 10

Process of moving oxygen containing water/air over respiratory surface

Question 11

How does the outer skin work as a respiratory surface?

Answer 11

• Oxygen diffuses into thin wall capillaries below the skin, CO2 diffuses out
• Animals: high ratio of respiratory surface to body volume

Question 12

How do gills work as a respiratory surface?

Answer 12

• Increase surface area through which gas is exchanged

- Oxygen from water diffuses across gill into capillaries, CO2 diffuses out

Question 13

What is the tracheal system?

Answer 13

Internal system of branching respiratory tubes called tracheae

Question 14

How does the tracheal system work as a respiratory surface?

Answer 14

• Oxygen diffuses into the tracheae, CO2 diffuses out of body in the opposite direction

Question 15

How to lungs work as a respiratory surface?

Answer 15

• Folds in lining of lungs increase surface area for diffusion
• Oxygen diffuses into capillaries, CO2 diffuses out in opposite direction

Question 16

Gas exchange through gills?

Answer 16

Water flows across gills, dissolved oxygen gas in water diffuses into blood circulating through surrounding capillaries, CO2 diffuses from blood, across gill tissue water come out when gills open

Question 17

What is diffusion gradient?

Answer 17

Oxygen molecules move from an area of high concentration to low concentration

Question 18

How does the brain influence the mechanics of breathing on land?

Answer 18

Respiratory control centre to:

1. Co-ordinate breathing movements
2. Regulate breathing rate
3. Monitors the volume of air in the lungs/gas levels in blood

Question 19

What controls the air pressure inside the lungs?

Answer 19

Muscular diaphragm and rib muscles

Question 20

What is the diaphragm?

Answer 20

Layer of muscle that separates the region of the lungs (thoracic cavity) from the stomach/liver (abdominal cavity)

Question 21

What is the intercostal muscles?

Answer 21

Rib muscles

Question 22

How does inhalation work?

Answer 22

Intercostal muscles and diaphragm contract and diaphragm moves down to expand rib cage up and out and floor of chest cavity moves down.

Question 23

What happens during inhalation?

Answer 23

Volume increases in the thorax

Question 24

Why does is it beneficial for volume to increase during inhalation?

Answer 24

1. Same amount of air is contained in a larger space
2. Molecules of gas are further apart
3. Air pressure in thoracic cavity decreases

Question 25

How does exhalation work?

Answer 25

Diffusion gradient (high concentration to low concentration)

Question 26

What is oxidation?

Answer 26

Break down sugars to release energy

Question 27

Where does gas exchange happen?

Answer 27

Respiratory membrane; Aveoli

Question 28

What is carried in the red blood cells?

Answer 28

Hemoglobin

Question 29

What is oxyhemoglobin?

Answer 29

Blood forms week bond with oxygen

Question 30

What is hemoglobin?

Answer 30

• Binds to oxygen and carry it

- Help red blood cells transport CO2