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Head And Neck > Anatomy And Pysiology Of A The Throat > Flashcards

Anatomy And Pysiology Of A The Throat Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 anatomical subsites on the throat?

A

Oral cavity/ mouth
Pharynx
-nasopharynx
-oropharynx
-Hyopharyn
Larynx
-supraglottis
-glottis
-subglottis

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2
Q

What structure are present in the oral cavity?

A

Everything anterior to tonsils and soft palate
Includes whole tongue except tongue base
Contains teeth, tongue and salivary glands

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3
Q

what is the function of the mouth?

A

Mastication
First phase of swallow
Taste
Transform sound generated by larynx into discernible words

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4
Q

What makes up the superior border of the mouth?

A

Hard palate

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5
Q

What makes up inferior boundary?

A

Floor of mouth under the tongue

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6
Q

What do the muscles of mastication do?

A

Move the jaw

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7
Q

What are the primary muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid

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8
Q

What are muscles of mastication innervated by?

A

Innervated by Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve

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9
Q

What are the innervations of the tongue? (Broadly speaking)

A

Motor
Sensory
Special sense

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10
Q

What is the tongue divided into?

A

Anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3

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11
Q

What innervates the anterior 2/3?

A

Linguine nerve- branch of trigeminal nerve

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12
Q

What innervates the posterior 1/3?

A

General and special sensory provided by glossopharyngeal nerve

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13
Q

How are the muscles of the tongue divided?

A

Intrinsic and extrinsic

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14
Q

What do the intrinsic muscles do?

A

Alter the shape of the tongue

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15
Q

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Superior ;longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical

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16
Q

What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?

A

Alter the position of the tongue

17
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus
Hypoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus muscle

18
Q

What are the boundaries of the floor of the mouth?

A

Superiorly - oral mucosal space
Inferiorly - myohyloid muscle
Anteriorly - Mandibular gingiva
Posteriorly - anterior tonsillar pillars

19
Q

Where does the parotid duct open into?

A

Into baccalaureate; mucosa opposite under 2nd molar

20
Q

What does the nasopharynx do?

A

Divert air from nose into larynx

21
Q

What does the soft palate and uvula do?

A

Prevent regurgitation of food into the nasopharynx on swallowing by closing against the posterior pharyngeal wall

22
Q

How do oropharynx and hypopharynx contribute to normal swallowing?

A

Allows passage of air and food
Epiglottis closes airway during swallowing
Resonating chamber during phonation
Hypopharynx leads to oesophagus
Sensation via glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
Pharyngeal constrictor muscles
-superior, muddle and inferior
-motor supply by vagus nerve

23
Q

Which vertebrae does larynx run to and from

A

C3-C6

24
Q

What cartilages in larynx made up of?

A

Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid
Artenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform

25
Q

What are t e function of the larynx?

A

Flow of air between trachea and mouth
-movements of vocal cords produce voice and alter pitch and volume
Protect the airways from aspiration
-epiglottis closure - food directed to hypopharynx
-cough reflex

26
Q

What supplies motor innervation to all muscles of the larynx

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve
-except for cricothyroid muscle = superior laryngeal nerve

27
Q

What supplies sensory innervation to larynx?

A

Vagus nerve
-above vocal cords (glottis and supraglottis)= superior laryngeal nerve
-below vocal cords (subglottis) = recurrent laryngeal branch

28
Q

What are the muscles of the larynx?

A

Cricothyroid
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Lateral cricarytenoid
Transverse arytenoid
Oblique arytenoid
Thyroarytenoid

29
Q

What does the cricothyroid muscle do?

A

Lengthen and tense the vocal cords

30
Q

What does the posterior cricoaryntenoid muscle do?

A

Abduct and externally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in abducted vocal cords

31
Q

What do lateral cricoarytenoid muscles do?

A

Adduct and internally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, increase medial compression

32
Q

What does transverse arytenoid muscles do?

A

Addicts the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in addicted vocal cords

33
Q

What do oblique arytenoid muscles do?

A

Narrow the laryngeal inlet by constricting the distance between the arytenoid cartilages

34
Q

What do thyroarentenoid muscles do?

A

Narrow the laryngeal inlet, shortening the vocal cords, lowering voice pitch

35
Q

What are the principles of voice production

A

Air flow to the larynx
Vibration/ mucosal wave
Resonance in the upper aero digestive tract and unse of the pharynx, mouth, tongue and lips to manipulate the sound produced by the larynx into words and sounds

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