Anatomy And Pysiology Of A The Throat Flashcards
What are the 3 anatomical subsites on the throat?
Oral cavity/ mouth
Pharynx
-nasopharynx
-oropharynx
-Hyopharyn
Larynx
-supraglottis
-glottis
-subglottis
What structure are present in the oral cavity?
Everything anterior to tonsils and soft palate
Includes whole tongue except tongue base
Contains teeth, tongue and salivary glands
what is the function of the mouth?
Mastication
First phase of swallow
Taste
Transform sound generated by larynx into discernible words
What makes up the superior border of the mouth?
Hard palate
What makes up inferior boundary?
Floor of mouth under the tongue
What do the muscles of mastication do?
Move the jaw
What are the primary muscles of mastication?
Temporalis
Masseter
Medial pterygoid
Lateral pterygoid
What are muscles of mastication innervated by?
Innervated by Mandibular branch of trigeminal nerve
What are the innervations of the tongue? (Broadly speaking)
Motor
Sensory
Special sense
What is the tongue divided into?
Anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3
What innervates the anterior 2/3?
Linguine nerve- branch of trigeminal nerve
What innervates the posterior 1/3?
General and special sensory provided by glossopharyngeal nerve
How are the muscles of the tongue divided?
Intrinsic and extrinsic
What do the intrinsic muscles do?
Alter the shape of the tongue
What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue
Superior ;longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse
Vertical
What do the extrinsic muscles of the tongue do?
Alter the position of the tongue
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue
Genioglossus
Hypoglossus
Styloglossus
Palatoglossus muscle
What are the boundaries of the floor of the mouth?
Superiorly - oral mucosal space
Inferiorly - myohyloid muscle
Anteriorly - Mandibular gingiva
Posteriorly - anterior tonsillar pillars
Where does the parotid duct open into?
Into baccalaureate; mucosa opposite under 2nd molar
What does the nasopharynx do?
Divert air from nose into larynx
What does the soft palate and uvula do?
Prevent regurgitation of food into the nasopharynx on swallowing by closing against the posterior pharyngeal wall
How do oropharynx and hypopharynx contribute to normal swallowing?
Allows passage of air and food
Epiglottis closes airway during swallowing
Resonating chamber during phonation
Hypopharynx leads to oesophagus
Sensation via glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves
Pharyngeal constrictor muscles
-superior, muddle and inferior
-motor supply by vagus nerve
Which vertebrae does larynx run to and from
C3-C6
What cartilages in larynx made up of?
Epiglottis
Thyroid
Cricoid
Artenoid
Corniculate
Cuneiform
What are t e function of the larynx?
Flow of air between trachea and mouth
-movements of vocal cords produce voice and alter pitch and volume
Protect the airways from aspiration
-epiglottis closure - food directed to hypopharynx
-cough reflex
What supplies motor innervation to all muscles of the larynx
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
-except for cricothyroid muscle = superior laryngeal nerve
What supplies sensory innervation to larynx?
Vagus nerve
-above vocal cords (glottis and supraglottis)= superior laryngeal nerve
-below vocal cords (subglottis) = recurrent laryngeal branch
What are the muscles of the larynx?
Cricothyroid
Posterior cricoarytenoid
Lateral cricarytenoid
Transverse arytenoid
Oblique arytenoid
Thyroarytenoid
What does the cricothyroid muscle do?
Lengthen and tense the vocal cords
What does the posterior cricoaryntenoid muscle do?
Abduct and externally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in abducted vocal cords
What do lateral cricoarytenoid muscles do?
Adduct and internally rotate the arytenoid cartilages, increase medial compression
What does transverse arytenoid muscles do?
Addicts the arytenoid cartilages, resulting in addicted vocal cords
What do oblique arytenoid muscles do?
Narrow the laryngeal inlet by constricting the distance between the arytenoid cartilages
What do thyroarentenoid muscles do?
Narrow the laryngeal inlet, shortening the vocal cords, lowering voice pitch
What are the principles of voice production
Air flow to the larynx
Vibration/ mucosal wave
Resonance in the upper aero digestive tract and unse of the pharynx, mouth, tongue and lips to manipulate the sound produced by the larynx into words and sounds
