Anatomy And Physiology Of The Neck Flashcards
What bones make up the lateral aspect of the cranium?
Frontal
Parietal
Occipital
What bones make up the base of the cranium?
Frontal
Sphenoid
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital
Ethmoid
What suture runs between parietal and frontal bone?
Coronal suture
What bones the coronal suture separate?
The frontal and parietal bones
What suture separates the two parietal bones?
The saggital suture
What bones does the saggital suture separate?
The left and right parietal bones
What suture separates the occipital and parietal bones?
Lambdoid suture
What bones does the lambdoid suture separate ?
Occipital and parietal bones
What can lie in the connection between the coronal and saggital suture?
The frontal fontanelle
What can lie in the connection between the saggital and lambdoid suture?
The occipital fontanelle
What is a fontanelle?
Gaps in unfused sutures
what are gaps in unfused sutures?
Fontanelle
How many cervical vertebra is there?
7
What is C1 called?
Atlas
What is C2 called?
Axis
What are the broad triangles of the neck?
Anterior
Posterior
What is important in the division of the triangles?
The SCM muscle
What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?
Midline of the neck
Mandible
SCM
What are the muscles in the suprahyoid part of the anterior triangle?
Digastric muscle (anterior and posterior belly)
Mylohyoid muscle
Geniohyoid muscle
What are the muscles in the infrahyoid part of the anterior traingle?
Omohyoid muscle (superior belly)
Sternohyoid muscle
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid
What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?
Muscular
Carotid
Submandibular
Submental
What are the arteries in the anterior triangle?
Common carotid
ECA
ICA
Superior thyroid (ECA)
Inferior thyroid (Thyrocervical trunk)
What are the veins in the anterior triangle?
Anterior jugular veins
Internal jugular vein
Superior thyroid vein
Middle thyroid veins
What are the nerves in the anterior triangle?
Vagus nerve CNX
Hypoglossal nerve CNXIII
Part of the sympathetic trunk
What are the branches of the ECA?
Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery
What does the carotid sinus act as?
A barrier receptor for detecting BP
What does carotid body act as?
Chemoreceptors for acid base disturbances
What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?
SCM
Trapezius
Clavicle
What muscles are in the posterior triangle?
SCM
Splenius capitis
Lavator scapulae
Anterior scalene
Middle scalene
Trapezius
What arteries are in posterior triangle?
Subclavian artery
what veins are in the posterior triangle?
EJV
What nerves are in the posterior triangle?
Accessory nerve (CNXI)
Branches of the cervical plexus
Upper brachial plexus
What nerve is vulnerable to injury?
Accessory nerve, superficial so vulnerable to injury
What do the superficial vessels drain from and to?
Drain from the scalp, face and neck into the superficial ring of lymph nodes at the junction of the head and neck
Where so the deep lymphatic vessel arise from?
Deep cervical lymph nodes
What do the deep lymphatic vessels converge to form?
Left and right jugular lymphatic trunks
What is the route of the left jugular lymphatic trunk?
Combine with thoracic duct at the root of the neck. This empties into the venous system via the left subclavian vein
What is the route of the right jugular lymphatic trunk?
Forms the right lymphatic duct at the root of the neck. This empties into the venous system via the right subclavian vein
What does the superficial lymph nodes receive lymph from?
Scalp, face and neck
What do the superficial lymph nodes drain into?
Deep nodes
What are the groups of the superficial lymph nodes?
Occipital
Pre and post auricular
Parotid
Submental
Submandibular
Where does the deep lymph nodes receive lymph from?
From the head and neck via the superficial lymph nodes
what are the deep lymph nodes in close proximity to?
Internal jugular vein within the carotid sheath
What are the groups of the deep lymph node?
Prelaryngeal
Jugulodigastric
Supraclavicular nodes- virchows node
What is important about virchows node?
Receives drainage from abdomen- if enlarged = abdominal malignancy
Where is the thyroid gland?
In the midline of the anterior neck. Extends from C5 to T1.
What is the thyroid gland made up of?
Two lobes and an isthmus that joins the lobes
Pyramidal lobe may be found at times
Where is the parathyroid gland located?
The posterior aspect of the thyroid
How many parathyroid glands are there?
4, 2superior and 2 inferior
What is the arterial supply of the thyroid gland?
Superior thyroid artery
Inferior thyroid artery
Thyroid ima
What is the venous drainage of the thyroid gland?
Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins
What is the arterial supply of the parathyroid glands?
Inferior thyroid artery
What is the venous drainage of the parathyroid gland?
Superior, middle and inferior thyroid vein
