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Head And Neck > Anatomy And Physiology Of The Neck > Flashcards

Anatomy And Physiology Of The Neck Flashcards

1
Q

What bones make up the lateral aspect of the cranium?

A

Frontal
Parietal
Occipital

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2
Q

What bones make up the base of the cranium?

A

Frontal
Sphenoid
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital
Ethmoid

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3
Q

What suture runs between parietal and frontal bone?

A

Coronal suture

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4
Q

What bones the coronal suture separate?

A

The frontal and parietal bones

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5
Q

What suture separates the two parietal bones?

A

The saggital suture

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6
Q

What bones does the saggital suture separate?

A

The left and right parietal bones

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7
Q

What suture separates the occipital and parietal bones?

A

Lambdoid suture

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8
Q

What bones does the lambdoid suture separate ?

A

Occipital and parietal bones

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9
Q

What can lie in the connection between the coronal and saggital suture?

A

The frontal fontanelle

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10
Q

What can lie in the connection between the saggital and lambdoid suture?

A

The occipital fontanelle

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11
Q

What is a fontanelle?

A

Gaps in unfused sutures

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12
Q

what are gaps in unfused sutures?

A

Fontanelle

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13
Q

How many cervical vertebra is there?

A

7

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14
Q

What is C1 called?

A

Atlas

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15
Q

What is C2 called?

A

Axis

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16
Q

What are the broad triangles of the neck?

A

Anterior
Posterior

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17
Q

What is important in the division of the triangles?

A

The SCM muscle

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18
Q

What are the boundaries of the anterior triangle?

A

Midline of the neck
Mandible
SCM

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19
Q

What are the muscles in the suprahyoid part of the anterior triangle?

A

Digastric muscle (anterior and posterior belly)
Mylohyoid muscle
Geniohyoid muscle

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20
Q

What are the muscles in the infrahyoid part of the anterior traingle?

A

Omohyoid muscle (superior belly)
Sternohyoid muscle
Thyrohyoid
Sternothyroid

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21
Q

What are the subdivisions of the anterior triangle?

A

Muscular
Carotid
Submandibular
Submental

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22
Q

What are the arteries in the anterior triangle?

A

Common carotid
ECA
ICA
Superior thyroid (ECA)
Inferior thyroid (Thyrocervical trunk)

23
Q

What are the veins in the anterior triangle?

A

Anterior jugular veins
Internal jugular vein
Superior thyroid vein
Middle thyroid veins

24
Q

What are the nerves in the anterior triangle?

A

Vagus nerve CNX
Hypoglossal nerve CNXIII
Part of the sympathetic trunk

25
Q

What are the branches of the ECA?

A

Superior thyroid artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
Occipital artery
Posterior auricular artery
Maxillary artery
Superficial temporal artery

26
Q

What does the carotid sinus act as?

A

A barrier receptor for detecting BP

27
Q

What does carotid body act as?

A

Chemoreceptors for acid base disturbances

28
Q

What are the boundaries of the posterior triangle?

A

SCM
Trapezius
Clavicle

29
Q

What muscles are in the posterior triangle?

A

SCM
Splenius capitis
Lavator scapulae
Anterior scalene
Middle scalene
Trapezius

30
Q

What arteries are in posterior triangle?

A

Subclavian artery

31
Q

what veins are in the posterior triangle?

A

EJV

32
Q

What nerves are in the posterior triangle?

A

Accessory nerve (CNXI)
Branches of the cervical plexus
Upper brachial plexus

33
Q

What nerve is vulnerable to injury?

A

Accessory nerve, superficial so vulnerable to injury

34
Q

What do the superficial vessels drain from and to?

A

Drain from the scalp, face and neck into the superficial ring of lymph nodes at the junction of the head and neck

35
Q

Where so the deep lymphatic vessel arise from?

A

Deep cervical lymph nodes

36
Q

What do the deep lymphatic vessels converge to form?

A

Left and right jugular lymphatic trunks

37
Q

What is the route of the left jugular lymphatic trunk?

A

Combine with thoracic duct at the root of the neck. This empties into the venous system via the left subclavian vein

38
Q

What is the route of the right jugular lymphatic trunk?

A

Forms the right lymphatic duct at the root of the neck. This empties into the venous system via the right subclavian vein

39
Q

What does the superficial lymph nodes receive lymph from?

A

Scalp, face and neck

40
Q

What do the superficial lymph nodes drain into?

A

Deep nodes

41
Q

What are the groups of the superficial lymph nodes?

A

Occipital
Pre and post auricular
Parotid
Submental
Submandibular

42
Q

Where does the deep lymph nodes receive lymph from?

A

From the head and neck via the superficial lymph nodes

43
Q

what are the deep lymph nodes in close proximity to?

A

Internal jugular vein within the carotid sheath

44
Q

What are the groups of the deep lymph node?

A

Prelaryngeal
Jugulodigastric
Supraclavicular nodes- virchows node

45
Q

What is important about virchows node?

A

Receives drainage from abdomen- if enlarged = abdominal malignancy

46
Q

Where is the thyroid gland?

A

In the midline of the anterior neck. Extends from C5 to T1.

47
Q

What is the thyroid gland made up of?

A

Two lobes and an isthmus that joins the lobes
Pyramidal lobe may be found at times

48
Q

Where is the parathyroid gland located?

A

The posterior aspect of the thyroid

49
Q

How many parathyroid glands are there?

A

4, 2superior and 2 inferior

50
Q

What is the arterial supply of the thyroid gland?

A

Superior thyroid artery
Inferior thyroid artery
Thyroid ima

51
Q

What is the venous drainage of the thyroid gland?

A

Superior, middle and inferior thyroid veins

52
Q

What is the arterial supply of the parathyroid glands?

A

Inferior thyroid artery

53
Q

What is the venous drainage of the parathyroid gland?

A

Superior, middle and inferior thyroid vein

Head And Neck (9 decks)

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