Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards by Scott Pearson

State the 3 components of the brain stem.

Mid brain
Pons varoli
Medulla oblongata

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State the 3 layers of the brain. (Meninges)

Dura mater (outside)
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater (inside)

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What’s the components of the autonomic nervous system?

Sympathetic

Parasympathetic

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5 functions of the skeleton

Movement
Protection
Store minerals
Blood cell production 
Support
Storage of energy

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Two types of bone

Spongy (cancellous)

compact (dense)

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5 types of bone.

Long 
Short
Flat
Irregular
Sesamoid

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Different types of joints

Hinge
Ball and socket
Condyloid
Gliding 
Saddle 
Pivot

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Four characteristics of muscles

Elasticity
Excitability
Extensibility
Contractility

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Water makes up how much of the body?

70% man

60% woman

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Intracellular and extracellular fluid

70% intra

30% extra

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Different types of tissue in the body.

Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle

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Types of simple epithelial tissue.

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Ciliated

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Types of stratified epithelial tissue

Stratified squamous

Transitional

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Types of muscle

Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac

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Different systems.(9)

Respiratory 
Cardiovascular 
Lymphatic 
Nervous
Digestive
Urinary
Skeletal 
Endocrine
Reproductive

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Different cavities

Cranial (Cephalic)
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic

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The head consists of…

The cranium consists of…

Head
Cranium, nasal cavity, oral cavity, eyes and orbits.
Cranium
Brain, cranial nerves, inner and middle ear, major blood vessels

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Head bones.

Parietal 
Sphenoid 
Ethmoid 
Temporal
Frontal
Occipital 
Maxilla (mouth)
Zygomatic (cheek)

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Abdominal regions.

R hypochondrium Epigastic Lhypochon
R Lumbar Umbilical. L Lumbar
R Illiac Hypogastium. L Illiac

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4 stages of digestion.

Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination (excretion)

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Alimentary Tract

Mouth 
Pharynx
Oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Small intestine 
Large intestine 
Rectum 
Anus

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Small intestine functions.

Breakdown carbs, fats and proteins

Absorption of nutrients

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Function of large intestine, rectum and anus.

Absorption
Mass movement
Defacation

Function of the liver.

Removes amino-acids and breaks down worn out cells producing urea.
Glucose to glycogen to store
Glycogen to glucose when sugar levels are low.
Breakdown fat
Storage of vitamin and iron

Synthesis of vit a
Synthesis of plasma proteins
Inactivation of drugs and hormones
Metabolise alcohol

Function of pancreas

Production of pancreatic juices | Production of insulin

Function of peritoneum

Prevents friction between organs. Prevents infection Stores fat, carries lymph tissue and blood vessels

Spleen

12 cm long, 7cm wide 2.5 thick 200g Functions Produce new white blood cells Store red blood cells Destroy old RBC

Kidneys

11cm 6cm 3cm thick Filters blood to remove waste products Regulates salts and water and electrolyte balance Excretes urine Production and secretion of hormone that stimulates formation of RBC

Bladder. | Ureters

600ml capacity Urge to urinate at 300/400ml 25-30cm long

Vertebral column

``` 7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal ```

Upper limbs.

``` Clavicles Shoulder (scapulae) Humerus Radius ulna Carpals 8 Metacarpals 5 Phalanges 14 ```

Lower limbs

``` Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals 7 Metatarsals 5 Phalanges 14 ```

Ligament.

Composed of dense fibrous connective tissue, which attach bone to bone

Tendon

Dense fibrous connective tissue, connects muscle to muscle or to skin or periosteum

The nervous system compromised of two parts

Central nervous system- brain and spinal cord Peripheral nervous system- all other nerves

Function of the meninges

Protect brain and spinal cord Absorbs cerebrospinal fluid Maintain the Brian’s position within the vault

Function of CSF

Lubricants brain to prevent friction Supports brain Nourish and cleanes by washing away waste and toxic substances Act as a shock absorber

Peripheral nervous system.

12 Paris of cranial nerves 31 pairs of spinal nerves Autonomic nervous system

Layers of the skin.

Epidermis | Dermis

Functions of the skin.

``` Protection Regulation of body temp Formation of vit d Cutaneous sensation Absorption Excretion ```

Function of pharynx

``` Passageway for air and food Warming humidifier Hearing Protection Speech ``` 12-14cm long from base of skull to 6th cervical vertebra

Functions of larynx

``` Production of sound Speech Protection of lower respiratory tract Passageway for air Humidifying filtering and warming ```

Trachea

16-20 incomplete rings of hyaline terminates at carina Support and patency Mucociliary escalator Cough reflex Warming humidifying and filtering of air

Composition of blood.

55% plasma | 45% cells

Types of blood cells

Erythrocytes RBC Leukocytes WBC Thrombocytes (Platelets)

Layers of blood vessels

Interna Media External or adventitia

Layers of the heart

Pericardium (outside) Myocardium Endocardium

Cardiac cycle speed

0. 1 sec atrial systole 0. 3 sec ventricular systole 0. 4 sec cardiac diastole

Parts of a cell

``` Nucleus’s Cytoplasm Mitochodria Cell membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Body Ribosomes ```

Three main parts of the brain

Cerebrum Cerebellum Brain stem

Name 3 vital centres located in the medulla oblongata

Resp CardioVascular Vasomotor

2 functional parts of the peripheral nervous system

Sensory and motor

Structure and function of synovial joint

Nerve/ blood supply Capsule Membrane

Ribs

7 true pairs 3 false Pairs 2 floating pairs

Structure of female reproductive system

``` Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Cervix Vagina ```

Layers of uterus

Perimetrium Myometrium Endometrium