Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
State the 3 components of the brain stem.
Mid brain
Pons varoli
Medulla oblongata
State the 3 layers of the brain. (Meninges)
Dura mater (outside) Arachnoid mater Pia mater (inside)
What’s the components of the autonomic nervous system?
Sympathetic
Parasympathetic
5 functions of the skeleton
Movement Protection Store minerals Blood cell production Support Storage of energy
Two types of bone
Spongy (cancellous)
compact (dense)
5 types of bone.
Long Short Flat Irregular Sesamoid
Different types of joints
Hinge Ball and socket Condyloid Gliding Saddle Pivot
Four characteristics of muscles
Elasticity
Excitability
Extensibility
Contractility
Water makes up how much of the body?
70% man
60% woman
Intracellular and extracellular fluid
70% intra
30% extra
Different types of tissue in the body.
Epithelial
Connective
Nervous
Muscle
Types of simple epithelial tissue.
Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar
Ciliated
Types of stratified epithelial tissue
Stratified squamous
Transitional
Types of muscle
Skeletal
Smooth
Cardiac
Different systems.(9)
Respiratory Cardiovascular Lymphatic Nervous Digestive Urinary Skeletal Endocrine Reproductive
Different cavities
Cranial (Cephalic)
Thoracic
Abdominal
Pelvic
The head consists of…
The cranium consists of…
Head
Cranium, nasal cavity, oral cavity, eyes and orbits.
Cranium
Brain, cranial nerves, inner and middle ear, major blood vessels
Head bones.
Parietal Sphenoid Ethmoid Temporal Frontal Occipital Maxilla (mouth) Zygomatic (cheek)
Abdominal regions.
R hypochondrium Epigastic Lhypochon
R Lumbar Umbilical. L Lumbar
R Illiac Hypogastium. L Illiac
4 stages of digestion.
Ingestion
Digestion
Absorption
Elimination (excretion)
Alimentary Tract
Mouth Pharynx Oesophagus Stomach Duodenum Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus
Small intestine functions.
Breakdown carbs, fats and proteins
Absorption of nutrients
Function of large intestine, rectum and anus.
Absorption
Mass movement
Defacation
Function of the liver.
Removes amino-acids and breaks down worn out cells producing urea.
Glucose to glycogen to store
Glycogen to glucose when sugar levels are low.
Breakdown fat
Storage of vitamin and iron
Synthesis of vit a
Synthesis of plasma proteins
Inactivation of drugs and hormones
Metabolise alcohol
Function of pancreas
Production of pancreatic juices
Production of insulin
Function of peritoneum
Prevents friction between organs.
Prevents infection
Stores fat, carries lymph tissue and blood vessels
Spleen
12 cm long, 7cm wide 2.5 thick 200g
Functions
Produce new white blood cells
Store red blood cells
Destroy old RBC
Kidneys
11cm 6cm 3cm thick
Filters blood to remove waste products
Regulates salts and water and electrolyte balance
Excretes urine
Production and secretion of hormone that stimulates formation of RBC
Bladder.
Ureters
600ml capacity
Urge to urinate at 300/400ml
25-30cm long
Vertebral column
7 cervical 12 thoracic 5 lumbar 5 sacral 4 coccygeal
Upper limbs.
Clavicles Shoulder (scapulae) Humerus Radius ulna Carpals 8 Metacarpals 5 Phalanges 14
Lower limbs
Femur Patella Tibia Fibula Tarsals 7 Metatarsals 5 Phalanges 14
Ligament.
Composed of dense fibrous connective tissue, which attach bone to bone
Tendon
Dense fibrous connective tissue, connects muscle to muscle or to skin or periosteum
The nervous system compromised of two parts
Central nervous system- brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system- all other nerves
Function of the meninges
Protect brain and spinal cord
Absorbs cerebrospinal fluid
Maintain the Brian’s position within the vault
Function of CSF
Lubricants brain to prevent friction
Supports brain
Nourish and cleanes by washing away waste and toxic substances
Act as a shock absorber
Peripheral nervous system.
12 Paris of cranial nerves
31 pairs of spinal nerves
Autonomic nervous system
Layers of the skin.
Epidermis
Dermis
Functions of the skin.
Protection Regulation of body temp Formation of vit d Cutaneous sensation Absorption Excretion
Function of pharynx
Passageway for air and food Warming humidifier Hearing Protection Speech
12-14cm long from base of skull to 6th cervical vertebra
Functions of larynx
Production of sound Speech Protection of lower respiratory tract Passageway for air Humidifying filtering and warming
Trachea
16-20 incomplete rings of hyaline terminates at carina
Support and patency
Mucociliary escalator
Cough reflex
Warming humidifying and filtering of air
Composition of blood.
55% plasma
45% cells
Types of blood cells
Erythrocytes RBC
Leukocytes WBC
Thrombocytes (Platelets)
Layers of blood vessels
Interna
Media
External or adventitia
Layers of the heart
Pericardium (outside)
Myocardium
Endocardium
Cardiac cycle speed
- 1 sec atrial systole
- 3 sec ventricular systole
- 4 sec cardiac diastole
Parts of a cell
Nucleus’s Cytoplasm Mitochodria Cell membrane Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Body Ribosomes
Three main parts of the brain
Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Brain stem
Name 3 vital centres located in the medulla oblongata
Resp
CardioVascular
Vasomotor
2 functional parts of the peripheral nervous system
Sensory and motor
Structure and function of synovial joint
Nerve/ blood supply
Capsule
Membrane
Ribs
7 true pairs
3 false Pairs
2 floating pairs
Structure of female reproductive system
Ovaries Fallopian tubes Uterus Cervix Vagina
Layers of uterus
Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium
