Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
7 bones that make up the orbit
Frontal, zygomatic, maxilla, nasal, sphenoid, ethmoid, lacrimal
Bone which contains the optic canal
sphenoid
Bone with the infraorbital foramen
Maxilla
External layer of the eyelid
Orbicularis oculi, orbital and palpebral parts
Levator palpebrae superioris is opened by which cranial nerve
CN III
Lacrimal gland is controlled by which cranial nerve?
CN VII
Path of the tears across the eye
Angular wash from the superior temporal area to the inferior nasal area, drain into puncta, lacrimal sac and then the nasolacrimal duct
3 layers of the eye
fibrous, uvea, retina
2 parts to the fibrous layer of the eye
sclera, cornea
3 layers to the Uvea
Iris, ciliary body, chorodi
Where is the anterior segment of the eye?
in front of the lens
Where is the anterior chamber of the eye
in the anterior segment between the cornea and iris
Humour within the anterior chamber ?
aqueous
Where is the posterior chamber of the eye?
the iris and the suspensory ligaments
Humour within the posterior chamber in the eye?
aqueous
Where are floaters commonly found?
the vitreous humour in the posterior
What is a cataract?
a clouding of the lens
What produces the aqueous humour?
the ciliary body
Where is the aqueous humour reabsorbed?
the canal of schlemm at the iridocorneal angle
What nerve does the ophthalmic artery travel alongside?
the optic nerve CN II
what does the ophthalmic artery branch into?
the central artery of the retina and the ciliary arteries
Alongside the optic artery, what is also within the optic nerve?
the central retinal vein
what other veins are found around the eye apart from the Central retinal vein?
superior and inferior ophthalmic veins
Where do the superior and inferior ophthalmic veins drain?
anterior into the facial vein, posteriorly into the cavernous sinus
What is the fundus?
the posterior area where light is focussed
What does the fundus include?
the optic disc, the macula and the fovea
What is the fovea?
the centre of the macula and area of most acute vision
What is the order of cells in the retina from posterior to anterior? (3)
the photoreceptors –> ganglion cells –> axons –> arteries and veins
Why is the retina the blind spot?
there are no photoreceptors on the optic disc
