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Neurology > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

How many hemispheres is the cerebrum made up of?

A

2

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2
Q

How many lobes does the cerebral cortex have ?

A

4

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3
Q

What are the 4 lobes in the cerebral cortex?

A

Parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe and the frontal lobe

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4
Q

What is the role of the frontal lobe?

A

Area of the brain that controls speech and language, and plays a huge role in prospective memory, it is responsible for our personality traits too.

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5
Q

What is the role of the parietal lobe?

A

Contains the primary sensory cortex, allows us to have our senses and process the sensory information

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6
Q

What is the role of the temporal lobe?

A

Mainly associated with memory, hearing, emotions and this part of the brain converts sound into brain images

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7
Q

What is the role of the occipital lobe?

A

This is the sensory centre of the brain, and sends information from the brain to the eyes. It is responsible for object and face recognition

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8
Q

What makes up the midbrain?

A

Tectum and tegmentum

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9
Q

Where does the midbrain sit in the brain?

A

the very centre of the brain, and lies above the pons

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10
Q

If you were to simply describe the midbrain how would you describe it?

A

A relay system for information

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11
Q

Is the midbrain part of the CNS or PNS?

A

CNS

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12
Q

What is the most superior part of the brain stem?

A

Midbrain

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13
Q

What makes up the brain stem?

A

Midbrain, pons and medulla

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14
Q

What makes up the hind brain?

A

Pons, medulla, cerebellum and spinal cord

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15
Q

What is the role of the brainstem?

A

To connect the brain to the spinal cord

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16
Q

Where are most of the 12 cranial nerves found?

A

In the hind brain

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17
Q

What is the role of the meninges?

A

To act as a shock absorber for the brain if there is an injury

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18
Q

What are the 3 main layers of the meninges?

A

Dura matter, Arachnoid matter and the pia matter

19
Q

Name some pathologies that can effect the meninges

A

Meningitis and subdural haematomas

20
Q

What is the ventricular system?

A

Set of communication cavities in the brain

21
Q

What is the role of the ventricular system?

A

Production, transport and removal of cerebral spinal fluid that bathes the nervous system

22
Q

Name the 3 main ventricles

A

Lateral ventricle, 3rd ventricle and 4th ventricle

23
Q

Where does the 4th ventricle receive its CSF from?

A

the 3rd ventricle, and then it drains into the central spinal canal

24
Q

What are the two paired arteries that supply the brain with blood?

A

Vertebral arteries and internal carotid arteries

25
Q

What arises from the internal carotid artery to supply the brain?

A

Anterior and middle cerebral arteries

26
Q

What arises from the basilar artery to supply the brain?

A

Posterior cerebral artery

27
Q

What creates the Circle of Willis?

A

The internal carotid artery and the vertebral artery anastomose

28
Q

What is the Circle of Willis?

A

Circular blood vessels that supplies the brain

29
Q

What are the 2 types of sensory pathways in the brain?

A

Ascending and Descending

30
Q

What is the ascending pathway also known as?

A

Sensory pathway

31
Q

What is the descending pathway also known as?

A

Motor pathway

32
Q

Where do the sensory signal neurones synapse?

A

On the ventral posterior lateral nucleus of the thalamus

33
Q

What is the sensory pathway that runs from the head to the rest of the body?

A

Dorsal column medial lemniscal system

34
Q

What is the sensory pathway that runs from the head to the neck?

A

Trigeminal mechanosensory pathway

35
Q

What are the 2 types of major motor pathways?

A
  • Pyramidal tracts
  • Extrapyramidal tracts
36
Q

Are there synapses in the descending pathway, if so where are they?

A

NO there are NOT synapses on this pathway, the neurones synapse with the LMNs

37
Q

What are all the neurones in the descending pathway also known as?

A

Upper motor neurones

38
Q

What is the motor pathway that runs from the head to the neck?

A

Corticobulbar pathway

39
Q

What is the motor pathway that runs from the head to the rest of the body?

A

Corticospinal pathway

40
Q

how much cerebral spinal fluid should we be producing?

A

0.2-0.7 mum/minute

41
Q

How much CSF should be in the CNS at all times?

A

150-270 mls

42
Q

Where are the choroid plexus located?

A

3rd and 4th ventricle

43
Q

What are the choroid plexus’?

A

They are specialised tissues that secrete CSF

44
Q

What do the choroid plexus form?

A

The blood brain barrier

Neurology (6 decks)

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