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Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is ingestion ?

A

A main function of the digestion system that gets food in.

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2
Q

What is digestion?

A

A main function of the digestive symptom that breaks food down into monomers

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3
Q

What is absorption

A

A main function of the digestion system, that gets nutrients from digestive tract into blood stream

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4
Q

What is egestion?

A

A main function of the digestive system that puts undigested/ unabsorbed material out.

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5
Q

Examples of mechanical digestion ?

A

Chewing/mastication

Food moving in body / peristalsis

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6
Q

Examples of chemical digestion?

A

HCl and enzymes in the stomach

In the duodenum there is chemical digestion

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7
Q

What is mechanical digestion?

A

Physically breaking down food substances into smaller particles

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8
Q

What is chemical digestion?

A

Break down molecular structure into a form that can absorb into bloodstream.

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9
Q

What is the alimentary canal system?

A

Big long tube open at both ends
(The path of food)

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10
Q

First food gets chewed up in a process called?

A

Mastication

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11
Q

What is saliva made of?

A

Water, mucus, and enzyme amylase

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12
Q

After mastication the tongue forms a _____ that is pushed into the _______

A

Bolus

Pharynx

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13
Q

Each time you swallow what covers the trachea?

A

The epiglottis

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14
Q

The esophagus moves because of…

A

Peristalsis (smooth muscle contraction)

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15
Q

Food goes from the trachea into the _______ which entry is regulated by __________

A

Stomach

Sphincters

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16
Q

What is in the stomach for chemical digestion?

A

HCl and enzymes

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17
Q

What is used as protection in the stomach?

A

Mucous

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18
Q

What are rugae?

A

Ridges in the stomach that allow for expansion

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19
Q

What is the soupy mix in the stomach?

A

Chyme

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20
Q

What three sections are the small intestine built of ?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

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21
Q

What is the function of the duodenum?

A

Chemical digestion

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22
Q

What is the function of the jejunum and ileum?

A

The absorption of nutrients.

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23
Q

What is the function of villi in the digestive system?

A

They maximize surface area in small intestine

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24
Q

What leads into the duodenum to help with digestion?

A

Bile produced in the liver stored in the gallbladder to emulsify fats

Pancreas delivers digestive enzymes

Chyme from the stomach

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25
What is the main function of the large intestine?
Water absorption
26
What are the parts of the colon?
Ascending colon, transverse colon, sigmoid colon and rectum
27
What does the rectum do?
Allows for temporary storage.
28
What does the salivary glands and pancreas both produce?
Amylase which digests starches to simple sugars
29
What does the stomach produce?
Pepsin which is activated by HCl into pepsinogen, to digest proteins.
30
What is trypsin?
Protein digestion enzyme produced by the pancreas that goes to the duodenum.
31
What is lipase ?
Fat digestion enzyme that is produced by the pancreas, that goes to the duodenum.
32
What is bile?
A fluid that emulsifies fat
33
What is secretin?
A hormone in the duodenum that helps neutralize the acidic chyme
34
What is Moltin?
A hormone that stimulates smooth muscle contraction to move food through GI tract
35
What is a peptic ulcer ?
A sore in the stomach that weakens mucus that inflamed stomach tissue
36
What is hepatitis?
Inflammation in the liver
37
What is Hepatitis A?
Contracted from drinking contaminated water
38
What digestive disorder is contacted from sexual contact?
Hepatitis B
39
What digestive disorder is contracted though infected blood?
Hepatitis C
40
What is Type 1 diabetes?
When insulin producing cells are destroyed by immune system
41
What is type 2 diabetes?
When the body doesn’t make enough insulin or is unable to use insulin
42
How does gas exchange maximize surface area in lungs?
The alveoli’s fill and oxygen and expand.
43
How does the gas exchange work?
-The aveolli fill with oxygen -Using diffusion the oxygen seeps into the capillaries -Making blood oxygenated -CO2 comes out of blood into alveoli’s - breath out CO2
44
Composition of inhaled air ?
78% nitrogen 21% oxygen 0.04% Carbon dioxide
45
Composition of exhaled air?
78% Nitrogen 17% Oxygen 4% Carbon Dioxide
46
What is the pharynx ?
Passageway behind mouth that connects mouth and nasal cavity to esophagus
47
What is the trachea ?
A tube that carries air from nasal passageway to the bronchi
48
What is the glottis?
Opening of the trachea where air enters the larynx
49
What is the larynx ?
Structure between glottis and trachea that contain vocal cords.
50
What happens during inhalation?
Diaphragm moves down and lungs expand
51
What happens during exhalation?
Diaphragm moves up and rib cage gets smaller
52
What is pneumonia?
A disease that causes inflammation in lungs, and alveoli fill with thick fluid making gas exchange difficult. Typically caused by a viral or bacterial infection
53
What is asthma?
A lung disease that causes chronic inflammation of the lungs and mucus in the lungs. Airways are inflamed due to irritation of the bronchioles constrict.
54
What is bronchitis?
A respiratory disease that causes inflammation of mucous membranes in the bronchi.
55
What is emphysema?
Chronic respiratory disease that affects the ability of the lungs to expel air. Aveoli burst and fuse into each other. The surface area for gas exchange is reduced.
56
What is the inspiratory reserve volume?
The additional volume of air that can be inhaled with max effort after a normal inspiration.
57
What is the expiratory reserve volume?
The additional volume of air that can be forcibly exhaled after normal exhalation.
58
What is vital capacity?
The total volume of air that can be moved out of (or into) the lungs during a single breath.
59
What is tidal volume?
The volume of air breathed in and out without conscious effort.
60
What is residual volume?
The volume of air remaining in the lungs after maximum exhalation (the lungs can never be completely emptied).
61
How do you calculate vital capacity?
Add tital volume, inspiratory reserve volume and expiratory reserve volume. VC=TV+IRV+ERV
62

Biology (7 decks)

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