Circulatory System Flashcards
What are the functions of the circulatory system ?
- transports oxygen and nutrients to cell
- transports carbon dioxide and waste away from cells
-Carries hormones through body
-Carries antibodies and immune helpers through the body - Maintains fluid levels in body
- Regulate body temperature
Cardiac muscle tissue is…
Striated; involuntary; branched
Cardiac muscle cell has how many mitochondria?
5000
Skeletal muscle cell has how many mitochondria?
200
Bigger animal means what about the heart?
Lower heart rate but
Bigger heart
Deoxygenated blood enters the heart via the vena cavas and goes…
Right atrium
Tricuspid valve
Right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
Pulmonary trunk
To lungs
Oxegynated blood comes from the lungs into…
Pulmonary veins
Left atrium
Mitral valve
Left ventricle
Aortic valve
Aorta
Veins and arteries on the heart are called…
Coronary veins and arteries
Which are the atrioventricular valves ?
Tricuspid and Mitral valves
Which are the semilunar valves ?
Pulmonary and aortic valve
The tunica media is made up of …
Smooth muscle and elastin allowing it to constrict and stretch
The Lub sound of the heart is…
The atrioventricular valves shutting
The dub sound is the …
Semilunar valves shutting
What is a normal resting heart rate?
60-100 bpm
What is a chronically high heart rate ?
Over 100 bpm is tachycardia
What is a chronically low heart rate?
Less then 40 bpm is bradychardia
What is pulse?
The change in diameter of your arteries with each beat
What is systole?
Ventricles are contracting and the heart is emptying
What is diastole?
The ventricles are relaxing and heart is filling
What is blood pressure?
Force of blood pressing and against wall of arteries
What is systolic pressure ?
Pulse from ventricular contraction (higher #)
What is diastolic pressure?
Pulse from ventricular relaxation (lower #)
What is the job if basophils ?
Basophils play a role in the narrowing of airways (asthma)
Make 1% of leucocytes
What is the job of monocytes ?
Clean away dead cells
Make 5-12% of leucocytes
What is the job of eosinophils ?
Trigger allergy symptoms
5% of Leucocytes
What are lymphocytes?
Key to how vaccines work
What are neutrophils ?
Key responders to bacteria
Make up most Leucocytes
What organ is associated with the hepatic artery and vein?
The liver
What organ is associated with the renal artery and vein?
The kidneys
What attracts platelets when cut?
Collagen
What is a scab?
Platelets trapped in a fibrin mesh
What is the SA node?
Sinoatrial is a bundle of tissue that stimulates muscle cells to contract and relax (the pacemaker).
What is the AV node?
Atrioventricular transmits the electrical signal through the bundle of His fibres.
What is the bundle of His- Purkinje fibres?
Initiates contraction of muscle cells in right and left ventricles from septum.
What happens in the P wave?
Atrial contraction
What happens in the QRS complex?
Ventricular contraction and the atrioventricular valves close (LUB)
What happens in the T wave?
Ventricles relax and semilunar valves close (DUB)
What are the 5 types of blood vessels?
Artery
Arteriole
Capillaries
Venule
Vein
The pointy end of the heart is called…
The apex
What is atherosclerosis?
The thickening or hardening of the arteries caused by a buildup of plaque.
What is an angioplasty?
The surgical repair/unblock of a coronary artery by inserting a small balloon catheter.
What is a stent?
A small wire mesh tube is used to prop open a cleared artery.
What is pulmonary circulation?
When blood goes from the heart to the lungs & back to the heart
(pick up oxygen)
What is systemic circulation?
When blood goes from heart to body & back to the heart
(delivering oxygen)
Where does most blood go from the left heart pump?
Kidneys 22%
Gastrointestinal system, spleen 21%
Where does the least blood go from the left heart pump?
Heart muscle 3%
What parts of the body get 6% of blood?
Liver & Skin
What part of the body gets 14% of the blood pumped?
Brain
What part of the body gets 15% of the blood pumped?
Skeletal muscle
What part of the body gets 5% of the blood pumped?
Bone
What is a murmur?
Any irregular heart sounds
If valves are leaky and sound swishy its called…
Regurgitation
If valves are narrowed and sound whistley its called…
Stenosis
What is used to take blood pressure?
Sphygmomanometer
What is hypertension?
When force of blood pushing against artery walls is to high
(High blood pressure)
What is a myocardial infraction?
Insufficient blood flow to the heart through coronary arteries
(Heart attack)
What does and ECG measure?
Electrical impulses generated by the heart beating.
