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PE > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What is an isotonic contraction?

A

When a muscle changes length
Eccentric - gets longer under tension
Concentric - gets shorter and fatter

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2
Q

What is an isometric contraction?

A

When a muscle does not change length under tension

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3
Q

Name 3 antagonistic muscle pairs

A

Hamstring and quadracepts
Biceps and triceps
Gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior
Gluteals and hip flexor

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4
Q

What is the muscle that contracts?

A

The agonist

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5
Q

Whats the muscle that relaxes/lengthens?

A

The antagonist

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6
Q

What 3 bones are found in the arm?

A

Humerus
Radius
Ulna

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7
Q

What 5 bones are found in the leg?

A

Femur
Fibula
Tibia
Talus
Patella

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8
Q

What are the 2 types of bones?

A

Long and short

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9
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skeletal system?

A

Provides support
Provides structure
Produces blood cells
Stores minerals
Provides protection
Provides movement

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10
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

A joint where 2 or more bones meet

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of synovial joints?

A

Hinge joints
Ball and socket joints

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12
Q

What movement is pointing your toes upwards?

A

Dorsi-flexion

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13
Q

What movement is pointing you toes down?

A

Plantar flexion

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14
Q

What do ligaments do?

A

Attach bone to bone
Give stability to joints

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15
Q

What do tendons do?

A

Attach muscle to bone
Take the force from muscle contraction to bone

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16
Q

What side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood around the body?

A

The left

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17
Q

What side of the heart pumps de-oxygenated blood to the lungs?

A

The right

18
Q

What is the role of the atria?

A

To collect the blood when it enters the heart

19
Q

What is the roles of the ventricles?

A

To pump the blood away/out from the heart

20
Q

What are the 4 blood vessels leading into and out of the heart?

A

Vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Aorta

21
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Carry oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle to the body

22
Q

What does the pulmonary vein do?

A

Brings oxygenated blood back to the heart

23
Q

What does the pulmonary artery do?

A

Carries de-oxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs

24
Q

What does the aorta do?

A

Carry de-oxygenated blood back to the heart

25
Q

What do arteries do?

A

Carry oxygenated blood Away from the heart

26
Q

What are the 4 functions of the cardiovascular system?

A

To get rid of waste products
To fight against disease and infection
Maintain body temperature
Deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body

27
Q

Cardiac output =

A

Heart rate X stroke volume

28
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

The amount of blood that is pumped around the body per beat

29
Q

What are the stages when air enter the body?

A

Enter through mouth or nose
Moves down the trachea
Into the bronci
Enters the lungs
Travels through bronchioles
Then enters the alveoli

30
Q

Where does gaseous exchange take place?

A

The alveoli

31
Q

What is gaseous exchange?

A

When oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse between air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries

32
Q

What are the levels of concentration of oxygen in the alveoli and oxygen in the blood

A

There is a high concentration of oxygen in the alveoli and a low concentration of oxygen in the blood

33
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Semi-permeable structures that allow 02 and C02 to pass through

34
Q

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

A

Glucose → energy + lactic acid

35
Q

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen → energy + water + carbon dioxide

36
Q

What are the short term effects of exercise?

A

Increased heart rate
Increased stroke volume
Increased cardiac output
Increased muscle temperature
Increased breathing rate

37
Q

What are the short term effects of exercise?

A

DOMS
Fatigue
Light-headedness
Nausia

38
Q

What are the long term effects of exercise?

A

Increased strength/speed/flexibility/muscular endurance
Increased tendon and ligament strength
Muscle hypertrophy
Cardiac hypertrophy

39
Q

What is muscle hypertrophy?

A

When muscles get bigger

40
Q

What is cardiac hypertrophy?

A

When the heart gets bigger

41
Q

What is capillarisation?

A

Capillarisation is the process where new capillaries are formed

42
Q

Where does capillarisation take place?

A

Capillarisation takes place at the alveoli in the lungs and at the skeletal muscle

PE (3 decks)

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