Anatomy and Physiology

Question 1

What is an isotonic contraction?

Answer 1

When a muscle changes length
Eccentric - gets longer under tension
Concentric - gets shorter and fatter

Question 2

What is an isometric contraction?

Answer 2

When a muscle does not change length under tension

Question 3

Name 3 antagonistic muscle pairs

Answer 3

Hamstring and quadracepts
Biceps and triceps
Gastrocnemius and tibialis anterior
Gluteals and hip flexor

Question 4

What is the muscle that contracts?

Answer 4

The agonist

Question 5

Whats the muscle that relaxes/lengthens?

Answer 5

The antagonist

Question 6

What 3 bones are found in the arm?

Answer 6

Humerus
Radius
Ulna

Question 7

What 5 bones are found in the leg?

Answer 7

Femur
Fibula
Tibia
Talus
Patella

Question 8

What are the 2 types of bones?

Answer 8

Long and short

Question 9

What are the 6 functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 9

Provides support
Provides structure
Produces blood cells
Stores minerals
Provides protection
Provides movement

Question 10

What is a synovial joint?

Answer 10

A joint where 2 or more bones meet

Question 11

What are the 2 types of synovial joints?

Answer 11

Hinge joints
Ball and socket joints

Question 12

What movement is pointing your toes upwards?

Answer 12

Dorsi-flexion

Question 13

What movement is pointing you toes down?

Answer 13

Plantar flexion

Question 14

What do ligaments do?

Answer 14

Attach bone to bone
Give stability to joints

Question 15

What do tendons do?

Answer 15

Attach muscle to bone
Take the force from muscle contraction to bone

Question 16

What side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood around the body?

Answer 16

The left

Question 17

What side of the heart pumps de-oxygenated blood to the lungs?

Answer 17

The right

Question 18

What is the role of the atria?

Answer 18

To collect the blood when it enters the heart

Question 19

What is the roles of the ventricles?

Answer 19

To pump the blood away/out from the heart

Question 20

What are the 4 blood vessels leading into and out of the heart?

Answer 20

Vena cava
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
Aorta

Question 21

What does the aorta do?

Answer 21

Carry oxygenated blood away from the left ventricle to the body

Question 22

What does the pulmonary vein do?

Answer 22

Brings oxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 23

What does the pulmonary artery do?

Answer 23

Carries de-oxygenated blood away from the right ventricle to the lungs

Question 24

What does the aorta do?

Answer 24

Carry de-oxygenated blood back to the heart

Question 25

What do arteries do?

Answer 25

Carry oxygenated blood Away from the heart

Question 26

What are the 4 functions of the cardiovascular system?

Answer 26

To get rid of waste products To fight against disease and infection Maintain body temperature Deliver oxygen and nutrients to the body

Question 27

Cardiac output =

Answer 27

Heart rate X stroke volume

Question 28

What is stroke volume?

Answer 28

The amount of blood that is pumped around the body per beat

Question 29

What are the stages when air enter the body?

Answer 29

Enter through mouth or nose Moves down the trachea Into the bronci Enters the lungs Travels through bronchioles Then enters the alveoli

Question 30

Where does gaseous exchange take place?

Answer 30

The alveoli

Question 31

What is gaseous exchange?

Answer 31

When oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse between air in the alveoli and the blood in the capillaries

Question 32

What are the levels of concentration of oxygen in the alveoli and oxygen in the blood

Answer 32

There is a high concentration of oxygen in the alveoli and a low concentration of oxygen in the blood

Question 33

What are capillaries?

Answer 33

Semi-permeable structures that allow 02 and C02 to pass through

Question 34

What is the equation for anaerobic respiration?

Answer 34

Glucose → energy + lactic acid

Question 35

What is the equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 35

Glucose + oxygen → energy + water + carbon dioxide

Question 36

What are the short term effects of exercise?

Answer 36

Increased heart rate Increased stroke volume Increased cardiac output Increased muscle temperature Increased breathing rate

Question 37

What are the short term effects of exercise?

Answer 37

DOMS Fatigue Light-headedness Nausia

Question 38

What are the long term effects of exercise?

Answer 38

Increased strength/speed/flexibility/muscular endurance Increased tendon and ligament strength Muscle hypertrophy Cardiac hypertrophy

Question 39

What is muscle hypertrophy?

Answer 39

When muscles get bigger

Question 40

What is cardiac hypertrophy?

Answer 40

When the heart gets bigger

Question 41

What is capillarisation?

Answer 41

Capillarisation is the process where new capillaries are formed

Question 42

Where does capillarisation take place?

Answer 42

Capillarisation takes place at the alveoli in the lungs and at the skeletal muscle